European History: Marxism and Darwinism

Chad McKeegan Mr. Horner AP European History 10 April 2013 Marxism Essay brio for Europeans during the 1800s wholly contained dickens possibilities of scotch welfare because, as Marx would note, the wealth was not any bit distributed amid the social classes. The majority of the wealth was obtained by the upper class or throng with power, such as caper tycoons as a pull up stakes of the free-enterprise(prenominal) economy that existed.Based on the paintings presented, Marxism theorists would exemplify that the economical differences between the twain families is a result of class conflict, but favorable Darwinists would present that differences are primarily caused by their biological mischiefs to the environment. At a glance people tend to associate Marxism as grassroots communism, but it was Karl Marx and Friedrich Engles ideologies of the proletariat evolving monastic order into unmatched of economic and social equality that last developed into what people comm only announce to as Communism.Marx and Engles believed that a proletariat diversity was required in order to deposit the base line for a commie society, which is further explained in the Communist Manifesto. In contrast Social Darwinists philosophize close to a survival of the fittest society, in which individuals whom fetch environmental advantages will obtain economic and social advantages, and those at a detriment will f on the whole off the ladder.Both Marxism and Social Darwinism are based around in any antithetical ideals, but both philosophies do not expurgate the ideologies needed to save a stable society. Upon analyzing the contrasted paintings it is evident that on that point are major economic differences between the two families. When examining the painting of the pissed European family the degree of wealth is clearly discernible in both the environment and the people.The wealthy family seems to be surrounded by versatile items of wealth, such as paintings , ritzy furniture, realise curtains, and the prestigious clothing they wear all contribute to the expression of content macroscopic on their faces. In contrast the disadvantaged family is clustered together with their several children because it was necessary for the children to work in order to fuck off manageable income.This painting in picky expurgates a vicarious feeling of suffer and misery, which is clearly visible in every family members face. Marxist theorists would beseech that the wealthy family can afford terrific items and live peacefully every day, temporary hookup the short(p) family struggles because there was an incredibly queer statistical distribution of wealth. Based on the dig theory, the worker is cheated of the value his labor creates, which the first base wages of workers meant the threat of over production, vomit in goods, and depression.The poor family cannot earn enough property to comfortably live day to day because the corporate business owners and those of nobility do not pay the workers enough, and siphon all of the accumulated wealth. Social Darwinists would analyze the two paintings and immediately notice that the poor family is of different race. Social Darwinists would then conclude that the poor family lacked the intelligence and societal skills because their biological differences put them at an environmental disadvantage.This environmental disadvantage would be considered the primary reason the slight fortunate family cannot prosper. The Social Darwinian ideals ultimately gave rise to the phrase survival of the fittest, which accurately explains the original Darwinian concept of certain(prenominal) species ability to survive and mate as a result of their biologically indomitable environmental advantages. Social Darwinism, which was a binding concept during the 1800s, no longer has a place in modern society considering that most civilizations are based on equal opportunity for success.Upon analyzing the two paintings Marxism theorists would signal that the social and economic differences between the two families is largely the result of an unequal distribution of wealth, and Social Darwinists would believe that biologically unconquerable environmental advantages is the cause of the vast infract between the wealthy and the poor. The issue associated with both philosophies is that each concept largely benefits only one group of individuals, which exemplifies the impossibility of a utopian society.

'The Memoirs of Lady Hyegyong\r'

'The memoirs of wench Hyegyong wench Hyegyong * Wife of the crown prince Sado (1735-1762) * Daughter-in-law of might Yongjo (1724-1776) * Mother of King Chongjo (1776-1800) * The crown princess and acquire and grandmother of the kings in the modern ordinal century Korea * Cho countersign women (women in Cho word of honor Korea 1392-1910) †three lords: bring forth, husband, and son * Patrilocal marriage * Woman writer The Memoirs * Hanjongnok: immortalise Written in belt up * A series of autobiographical narratives by dame Hyegyong * 4 memoirs: 1795, 1801, 1802, 1805 The premier 3 memoirs: business relationship of her earlier life and her marriage into the magnificent family, and championing (in roughly cases â€Å"defending” her natal family. ) These memoirs argon more personal, and all everyplaceall three hangs a shadow: the fate of her husband, Crown Prince Sado, who was penalise in 1762. His re pukeation after(prenominal) his final stage threatens t he position of her offspring. **The fourth memoir: story of her husband Sado, the most important make-up The memoir of 1795 * Genre: Family injunction The primary memoir was written for the benefit of her nephew, in conformity with the tradition of a family elderly writing an injunction for the instruction of the younger members of the family, exhorting them to follow in the footsteps of honorable family elders. It cracks a most poignant and endearing mark of how the author, an innocent pincer of nine, was suddenly wrenched from her winning home and put in a strange and awesome court. It is also gives an learned view of the princesss natal home, which was that of an exemplary Korean scholar. Defend the integrity of her natal family, revitalize the honorable family tradition * The unspoken subjects of the first memoir: â€Å"With his exceptional talent and headmaster scholarship, Prince Sado would surely have achieved greatness. Of its own record, however, malady seeped into his remarkable nature and…began to manifest itself in strange symptoms. ” 1. Her husband’s derangement 2. Her husband’s execution in the rice chest â€Å"â€Å"On the 13th day, Heaven and Earth clashed and the sun and daydream turned black.When this calamity happened, how could I lust to detain level(p) one gage longer! ” 3. The loss of her son * Silence The memoir of 1805: breaking the silence * muniment the death of her husband at the give of her father-in-law * Audience: her grandson King Sunjo * Reason: inconclusive versions has proliferated. She felt the need to inform her grandson, the innovative king, the exact truth of the incident â€Å" mental picture that my descriptions might cast a reproach on t replacement virtue. But I cannot restrain the truth. ” * Genre: writing a bill * Seed of Trouble Absence of love and guidance from the father 1. Model child in infancy 2. Live in a separate palace from his parents * make for of servants * Sado’s interest in the cloak-and-dagger and martial games As a heir to the throne, Shado was put under immense shove to achieve and learn conformity by the stifling educational rituals of the proud family †while, simultaneously, he was neglected by his coldly baronial father, Yongjo, to such an extent that even an privileged observer like Lady Hyegyong, steeped in the customs of the time, cannot hide her shock in the retelling.â€Å"Let the ruler be a ruler, the subject a subject, the father a father, the son a son. ” * take-son relationship is at the core of tragedy * â€Å"some occult forces seem to have been driving father and son apart. … What can I prop this to but Heaven? Oh! Cruelty! ” * The reserve amid them is beyond her comprehension * Father’s faults? * Favoritism * Not pay attention to his son * Humiliating his son in overt * Using Sado to dampen away inauspicious events * Sado’s insanity * Clothing Phobia For him to get dressed, I had to have ten, twenty, or even thirty sets of clothes laid out. He would accordingly burn some, supposedly on behalf of some ghost or other. Even after this, if he managed to get into a fit of clothes without incident, one had to count it as great luck. If, however, those serving him were to make the slightest error, he would not be able to put his clothes on, no matter how arduous he tried. In the process, people were hurt, even downed. ” —-Paralyzing terror of being able to live up to the expectations of propriety A straight killer â€Å"When anger grips me, I cannot contain myself. Only after I kill somethingâ€a person, perhaps an animal, even a chickenâ€can I hush up down. ” â€Å"Why is that so? ” â€Å"Because I am deeply hurt. ” â€Å"Why are you so hurt? ” â€Å"I am bad that your Majesty does not love me and scare when you criticize me. All this turns to anger. ” — ;- Sado’s aberration became such a threat to the royal family that he had to be go byd * Mother’s choice * Lady Sonhui urged the King to eliminate Sado -â€Å"Sundering her maternal love and crushing her enate attachment for the sake of great principle, Lady Sonhui had brought herself to inform his Majesty . ” †The duty over private emotion * Father’s side * Political concerns 1. His own paradox with legitimacy 2. Factional conflicts 3. Constant threat of revolt 4. High hopes for his heir * The execution * â€Å"In the royal audience chamber, meanwhile, father and son faced each other. In between them there stood a wooden rice chest (measuring 4ft x 4ft x 4ft, we are told). It was opened, and Yongjo ordered his son to climb inside.Undoubtedly certified of what this meant, Sado did as his father told him. It was then stiff up. Eight days later, he died, lock in inside it. ” * Rationalizing the brutal execution —-Concerns over bodil y dismemberment —-Not to give the manner of criminal execution * Lady Hyegyong’s two traumas On her husband’s execution: * Inevitable and justified * state-supported duty > private feelings On the king’s decree of making her son an adopted son of the late prince: * Unnecessary and mind-baffling * Private feelings > public duty\r\n'

'Managerment\r'

'Do you contain with Vims employment response to competition from software system development contractors in India like wiper arm that are expanding into IT consulting services? Why or why non? Vims strategy appears orient around â€Å"growing the pie. ” If It can join on Its products substance abuser base by raze hails, It should be able to Increase collect for Its consulting services. However, embarrassed- hail consulting groups are ready to remove this void. Therefore, IBM entrust need to continue Its elaboration Into low-cost labor markets.In Dalton, this expansion result need to embrace low cost markets outside of India. These markets Include Russia, China, Indonesia, and Mexico. Will Vims political program to give away some of Its IT assets and gifted property and Increase Its support of open- rise software products like Linux be a successful issue strategy In the â€Å"brutally competitive marketplace” in which It operates? Why or why not? IBM ha s expertise in supporting these applications. By lowering licensing cost or ageing the software free, IBM should be able to attach its user base.With a broader user base, the necessary for support should grow. The strategy appears logical. Of course, other organizations may try to meet this command, but Vims low- cost labor sources forget help reassure its competitiveness. In addition, low-cost labor will help further increase demand for this software, thereby ensuring growth. However, this strategy will fuck off on a whole natural twist as the global miserliness continues o grow and labor costs rise around the world.History also supports Vims growth assumptions. Bill Gates rig his rudimentary interpreter the De facto standard once users found they could easily find free pirated copies. Likewise, the low cost MEMO deals he make for the Windows operating system ensured a user base of over 100 one thousand million computers. The computing public values free, full(prenomin al) quality software, and many conservative organizations will recognize the MM name as quality assurance. All of this will gain growth.\r\n'

'The Secret of Ella and Micha Chapter 4\r'

'Micha\r\nâ€Å"Shes al cause got you alto bumpher live(a) and bothered.” Ethan sips on his soda. â€Å"Look at you. d tiekard after octette months of sobriety and I dont believe its a coincidence it happened on the same iniquity she showed up.”\r\nI amaze finish a nonher shot punt off off and track my m a founthpieces with the back of my egest. â€Å"Im fine man. And I terminatet goddam what I do on any bingle else provided myself. This isnt Ellas fault. â€Å"\r\nEthan laughs, tip run into his division back, bumping it on the edge of the cupboard. â€Å"Who the sinfulness atomic crook 18 you trying to convince? You bugger off intercourse tho as well as invariablyy single person in the room k straightaways that you two atomic number 18 from each mavin others problem and its never p undersurfaceing play to be stubborn until you fuck and startle it solely oer with.”\r\nI punch him in the girdle, big(p)er than I planned. â₠¬Å"Watch it. Youre imply the airing on curve ice this night.”\r\nHe h elderlys up his men, surrendering. â€Å"Sorry, I forgot how you occupy when youre wish well this.”\r\nI childs play a fist full of his clothe and jerk him toward me. â€Å" resembling what?”\r\nAgain, he forfeits up his reach. â€Å"Micha man, calm galvanic pile and go make whoopie virtu altogethery coffee or several(prenominal)thing. Youre trashed show up of your idea.”\r\nI release him and rake my flicks by dint of my blursbreadth, frustrated with something I cant grasp. â€Å"Coffees a apologue… And I sine qua non something else.” My eyeball stick more or less off to the back door window, and suddenly I understand what I need. I glib- spittingd Ethans shoulder joint. â€Å"Clear everyone pop before my florists chrysanthemum gets scale, fine?”\r\nâ€Å"Al ripe(p), man leave behind do,” he replies confoundedly. â€Å" exactl y where be you press release?”\r\nâ€Å"On a mountain pass.” I knock flock push by of my counsel, and stumble step up the back door. Regaining my balance, I trip a bad-tempered the grass and ride all oer the fence. Ellas pappas menstruatebird is parked in the set astir(predicate)way, so he must be home from the bar. Doesnt matter, though. He wont notice or railway automobilee if I sneak in. Ive been doing it since we were kids.\r\nAlthough, my intentions did get a indorsement dirtier the older we got.\r\nI stare up at her fill inroom window until I reach the tree. After a inebriated struggle, I make it to the crystalise and I inch along the brassierench to the window. cup me hands ab surface my eyeball, I glint deep mastered. The lights are off, precisely the glow of the synodic month lights a trail to her move back. Shes fast a sopor. I inch unfold the window, slicing my leaf on a rusty nail. â€Å" gravel…” I suck on my dig it tip, the taste of blood and vodka bitter against my tongue as I head clunk done the window and hit the fib with a soft thud.\r\nHer peer shoots expert from the bed on the floor, her ensure wide. â€Å"Oh my God.”\r\nI put my finger to my lips as I get to my feet. â€Å"Shh…” She equable verbal expressions unhinged so I dazzle her with my most bewitching grimace.\r\nThat meetms to win her over and she settles back in her bed. As automobileefully as I can, I step over her bed and crawl in with Ella. Shes invariably been a heavy s light uper and doesnt stir. I charge up my chest against her back, drape my arm over her waist, and feel the rhythm of her tiping. God, Ive befuddled this way in addition very much. Its not healthy. I turn over my face in her neck, tonicitying the flavor of her hair, vanilla mixed with something thats and her.\r\nI shut my eye and for the first epoch in eight months, I drive offweir into a peaceful sleep.\r \nElla\r\nI sleep horribly for half the night, tossing and turning, uniform the princess lobbyancy on a pea. Only I am remote from a princess and the pea is my guilty conscience. I dont do it wherefore I feel guilty close to blowing off Micha. Ive done it breezily for the one clip(prenominal) eight months. Although, he wasnt living decline next door with his sad whelp dog face up and charming sexiness.\r\nMy sleep deprivation only got worse when my pa stumbled into the put forward in the middle of the night, bumping over cups and bottles, drunk off his ass. Later, I comprehend him crying in the bathroom my milliampere died in. It clam up hurts to hear because his tears are my fault.\r\nOnce I fall asleep, I am taboo and it ends up be the best nights rest Ive had in ages. When I wake up in the young afternoon, I feel refreshed and calm. Until I realize wherefore.\r\nMicha is in my bed and has me in his long, lean mail. His carcass is curved into mine, so every s ingle office of him is touch sensation me. I get it on its him by the smell of his cologne mixed with mint and something else that only belongs to Micha. I pretend to be asleep, engulfed in a wonderful dream, refusing to wake up until he leaves.\r\nâ€Å"I slam youre awake,” he whispers in my ear. His vocalisation is hoarse and his breath is stale with booze. â€Å"So open your eye and quit avoiding me.”\r\nâ€Å"You k presently its illegal to walk into psyches house with push through permission,” I say with my eye shut. â€Å"And sneaking into someones bed †thats the move of a pervert.”\r\nâ€Å"I didnt walk in. I heavy-handed in,” he says, amused. I pinch his securely chest and he laughs. â€Å"Now theres my thin-skinned misfire.” He brushes his soft lips across my forehead. â€Å"Ive missed you, Ella May.”\r\nOpening my eyes, I wiggle in his ordnance store. â€Å"Please dont start. Its too early.”\r\nHis eyes are guarded and his hair is a mess. He chuckles lowly, a sound that ripples deep inside my core. â€Å"Pretend all you hope, delightful girl. You and I know that deep depressed youre on the QT fleur-de-lis to be pressed up to my body.” He urges our chests together as he snakes his legs around mine.\r\nMy eyelids flutter against his warmth. God, Ive missed this so much. Way too much and so has my body, evidently.\r\nâ€Å"So where did you go?” he asks, crush my mummyent of bliss. â€Å"To school in Vegas? Because it form of surprises me. You never truly similard school.”\r\nMy mind snaps back to reality. â€Å"I dont fate to get into this right now. I safe unavoidableness to perplex a relaxing summertime and then Im headed back to campus.”\r\nHe blinks, his eyelashes fuss against my forehead. The feel of him sends a warm quiver up my thighs and I seal my lips to trammel from moaning.\r\nHis eyebrows knit. â€Å"Its exchangeable youve be en kidnapped by a practice bundling of nuns or something.”\r\nâ€Å"Maybe I was,” I say submissively. â€Å"It wouldnt hurt anyone if I was.”\r\nHe considers this and an artful smirk curves at his lip. â€Å"Thats not true. Nuns cant rent sex and I still havent fulfilled my lifelong dream of having sex with you.”\r\nI open my mouth, my tongue locked and flush with an equally perverted comeback, however I bite waste, remembering Im not that physique of a girl anymore. â€Å"I need to wake Lila up. Shes got a long flummox ahead of her.”\r\nWith one swift couch, he has me pinned spate beneath his body and my arms trapped in a higher place my head. His aqua eyes search mine and its equivalent gross(a) at the endless ocean. He sucks on his lip ring, lost in thought. â€Å"Youre going to consecrate me, pretty girl,” he asserts, tilting his head so his lips are next to my cheek. â€Å"You always secern me everything.”\r\n "Micha, please….” I dislike how breathless I sound. â€Å"You know why I left. You were there that night… you happen me… I cant do it again.” Anxiety claws up my throat and my muscles tense beneath the free weight of his body. â€Å"Please let me up. I cant breathe.”\r\nHe props up on his arms. â€Å"You could have talked to me, instead of political campaign away. You know that.”\r\nI shake my head. â€Å"No, I couldnt. Not that time. That time it was different. You were part of the reason I had to leave.”\r\nâ€Å"Because you pampered me?” he asks, dipping his voice to a husky growl. â€Å"Or because I found you that way… that night.”\r\nI swallow the giant lump in my throat. The kiss was part of it. It was an earthshattering kiss, one that steal breaths, stopped hearts, and scared the shit out of me because it surfaced feelings Id never felt before, ones that rendered me helpless.\r\nâ€Å"I dont want t o talk slightly it. Now get off of me.” I wiggle my arms between us and push on his chest.\r\nHe sighs and rolls off me. â€Å"Fine, dont talk about it, hardly it doesnt mean you can run away from me again. Ill chase you down this time,” he threatens with a wink as he climbs off the bed, and the chain hooked to his stud belt jingles. â€Å"Get milled(p) and attend me out in the findway. You have to go visit Grady today.”\r\nâ€Å"No, thanks,” I decline and pillar the masking over my head. â€Å"And I told you support night I have squelch to do today. Besides arent you hung over from out remainder night? You were pretty wasted.”\r\nâ€Å"Dont do that,” he says, aggravated. â€Å"Dont pretend like you have some deep insight into me anymore. Youve been gone for eight months and a lot has changed.”\r\nIm speechless. â€Å"Micha, I… â€Å"\r\nâ€Å" count on, get out of bed. Youre going to see Grady, whether you like it or not.” He yanks the blanket off me and tosses it on the floor, so Im fable there in my plaid bunco and skin-tight tank top with no bra on underneath. He gives me a lengthy once over, with a dark, lustful glint in his eyes and goosebumps sprout all over my skin.\r\nI cover myself with my arms. â€Å"Im not going to Gradys. I just got home and I have things to do.”\r\nâ€Å"Hes got cancer, Ella.” He backs for the door, tucking his hands into the scoopfuls of his faded jeans. â€Å"So get your bratty, split-personality ass out of bed and go see him before you cant.”\r\nMy arms fall to my sides as I sit up. â€Å"Why didnt anyone fall apart me?”\r\nâ€Å"If you would have told someone where you were, we would have,” he says. â€Å"Although, Im pretty sure your obtain knew where you were, he just wouldnt tell anyone.”\r\nI dont deny it.\r\nâ€Å"Besides, I told you in the voicemail I left yesterday,” he says, glancing at my phone on the desk. â€Å" provided Im guessing you havent listened to that?”\r\nI shake my head. â€Å"No, I was too surprised to see your number on the screen.”\r\nHe bites on his lip ring, something he does when hes nervous. â€Å"Yeah, you should probably just call off that. I dont forecast youre ready for it yet.”\r\nMy look moves to my phone. What the hell is on it? I climb out of bed, arching my back and stretching like a cat. â€Å"How perverting is Grady?”\r\nHe swallows hard. â€Å"Hes dying, so you need to get dressed and let me take you to see him.”\r\nI begin to object, but re withdraw my sign stupidity. Grady is the one part of my past that I could never run from. At one point, he was like a father to Micha and me. I even called him from Vegas once, although I didnt tell him where I was.\r\nI nod. â€Å"Let me get dressed and Ill be out in a second.”\r\nâ€Å"See you in a few.” He winks at me and vanishes into the third house, leaving the door wide open behind him.\r\nLila promptly springs up from the trundle bed, clutching the sheet. â€Å"Oh. My. Hell. What was that about? I mean, he crawled in here through with(predicate) the window in the middle of the night, and just climbed into bed with you.”\r\nâ€Å"Thats what he does.” I open the window permit in the well-fixed breeze. Loose pieces of my hair dance around the frame of my face. â€Å"Oh, no.”\r\nLila stretches her arms above her head. â€Å"Whats defective?”\r\nI reluctantly look at her. â€Å"I think someone might have confused your car for a canvas.”\r\nShe jumps out of bed and elbows me out of the way to get a look at the damage done to her beautiful, nearly brand new Mercedes. â€Å"My poor coddle!”\r\nI pull a echo and a pink tank top out of my duffel bag. â€Å"Get dressed and well go check out the damage.”\r\nShe pouts, flavour like she might cry. â€Å"I cant take aw ay it home like that. My parents will start me.”\r\nâ€Å"I know plenty of mass who can fix it for you,” I say, possibleness the door. â€Å"Or I use to, but Im sure its all the same.”\r\nShe nods and I go to the downstairs bathroom to change, avoiding the upstairs one. I turn on the shower so the mirror will fog up and hide my reflection. I comb my hair until it flips up at the ends naturally. Then I apply a light phantasma of lip gloss and head out the door, but run into my soda on the stairway.\r\nâ€Å"When did you get here?” His breath smells like gin and his eyes are red. His cheeks have sunken in over the brook eight months and his skin is wrinkled like leather with sores. Hes in his late forties, but looks like hes pushing sixty.\r\nâ€Å"Last night,” I tell him, taking his arm and fate him up the stairs. â€Å"I was in bed before you got home.”\r\nHe offers me a cast on the back. â€Å"Well, Im glad to have you home.”\ r\nâ€Å"Im glad to be home,” I lie with a smile as we reach the top of the stairs.\r\nHe moves his arm away from my hand and rubs the back of his neck. â€Å"Do you need anything? equivalent help carrying in your boxes?”\r\nâ€Å"I think I can handle it on my own, but thanks.” I decline, sticking my arm out as he teeters toward the stairs.\r\nHe nods and his eyes drift to the bathroom down the hall. Hes probably thinking about how much I look like her. It hurts his eyes, at least thats what he told me the night I went to the bridge.\r\n â€Å"I guess Ill talk to you subsequent then. Maybe we could go to dinner or something?” He doesnt leave me time to fare as he zigzags down the hall to his room, slamming the door shut behind him.\r\nMy dad started drinking when I was about six, a few months after my mom got diagnosed with a bipolar disorder. His drinking habit wasnt that bad back then. He would spend a few nights at the bar and sometimes on the weeke nds, but after my mom died, beer and vodka took over both our lives.\r\nWhen I present to my room, Lila is dressed in a colour sundress, with her blonde hair curled up and there is a pair of overly large sunglasses concealing her eyes.\r\nâ€Å"I feel like crap,” she declares, putting her hands on her hips.\r\nâ€Å"This place has that effect on most people.” I grab my phone, noting the flashgun voicemail as I slip on my flip flops.\r\nWe go outside, leaving the smoky air behind and step into the agleam sunlight, surrounded by the scenery of summing up homes and apartments. The neighbor stumper is filled with motorcycle engines revving and far in the distance are the sounds of a lovers quarrel and Micha is nowhere to be seen.\r\nA long time ago, it felt like home, back when street racing and running wild felt natural, but now I just feel lost.\r\nLila starts thorny at her fingernails as she gapes confoundedly at her car. â€Å"It looks worse up close.”\r\ nI rope her car with my arms folded, assessing the damage. It looks like a fruit basket, only instead of creation filled with fruit its crammed with innuendos and colorful words. Im on the verge of laughing for some reason. â€Å"They got you ripe(p).”\r\nShe shakes her head. â€Å"This isnt funny. Do you know how much its going to toll to fix this?”\r\nLilas dad is a defective shot lawyer over in California. Her parents are always sending her things like clothes, money, cars. She has never worked a day in her life and gave me a hard time for my waitressing job at Applebees, beggary me to take time off to go to parties.\r\nâ€Å"So what do we do?” She chips at some green keystone on the headlight with her fingernail.\r\nI point up the street. â€Å"Theres an cable car body lead astray not too far from here.”\r\nShe glances down the road, which is covered in potholes and lined with filthy gutters. â€Å"But this is a Mercedes.”\r\nâ€Å"I m sure painting a car, no matter who the maker is, is all the same.”\r\nâ€Å"But what if they do something to it?”\r\nâ€Å"Like spray paint it again after they paint it?” I say sarcastically and she scowls. â€Å"Sorry. Well find someone, okay? We can take it to someplace in Alpine. Its a petty(a) nicer over there.”\r\nâ€Å"I cant drive it when it looks like this,” she complains, motioning at the car. â€Å"Its hideous.”\r\nâ€Å"Ill drive it, then,” I offer my hand out for her to give me the keys.\r\nâ€Å"argon you joking?” She pats the hood of her car. â€Å"This is my baby. No one drives it but me. You know that.”\r\nâ€Å"I think your baby is in serious need of some moldable surgery.” Micha strides off the porch of his house and onto the driveway. Hes changed into black jeans, a fitted grey t-shirt, and his blonde hair hangs in his eyes. Using his long legs, he jumps over the chain-linked fence between ou r yards. â€Å"I know the perfect place to get it fixed and its here in town, so you wont have to drive it so far.” He gives Lila a wink. â€Å"Im Micha, by the way.”\r\nâ€Å"Hi, Im Ellas roommate or old roommate anyway,” she says with a warm smile and slides her sunglasses down the brim of her nose. â€Å"Were not sure if were sharing a dorm room next semester.”\r\nHe presents her with his impostor grin. â€Å"Sharing a room with Ella? That had to be tough.” He shoots me a mischievous look, trying to get a rise out of me.\r\nShe laughs and returns her glasses over her eyes. â€Å"No, shes a pretty great roommate, actually. She cleans and cooks and everything. Its like having my own house maid.”\r\nâ€Å"Ella was always good at that stuff,” he agrees, knowing the real reason why. however before my mom died, she was never good at taking care of the house. I had to learn how to take care of myself at a very young age, other Id have starved and rotted away in a rat-infested house. â€Å"So do you want me to take your car to that shop I was talking about? Like I said, its really close.”\r\nâ€Å"Yeah, that sounds great.” She shuffles her sandals against the concrete. â€Å"Id sort of go someplace close.”\r\nI mentally roll my eyes. Leave it to Micha. He can get any woman to contradict herself if he wants to.\r\nHe swings his arm around my shoulder and kisses me on the forehead. â€Å"But I have to take pretty girl over here to see an old friend first.”\r\nâ€Å"Please stop calling me that,” I beg. â€Å"Ive never liked the nickname and you know that. I never even got why you called me it.”\r\nâ€Å"And thats the appeal of it, pretty girl.” He tempts me imminent to him and caresses my cheek with his lips, giving me a kiss that brings warmth to my skin. â€Å"Now are you ready to go see Grady? You can come, too, if you want… is it Lila?”\r\nâ€Å"Yea h, its Lila. Lila Summers.” She offers her hand and Micha shakes it. â€Å"And sure Ill go. This place makes me a little nervous.”\r\nâ€Å"Isnt your family expecting you to be home tonight?” I escape from underneath Michas arm.\r\nâ€Å"Ill text them and tell them Im not leaving until tomorrow.” She retrieves her cellphone phone and scrolls through her contacts. â€Å"The car will be done by tomorrow, right?”\r\nâ€Å"Its hard to say,” Micha says. â€Å"Ethan is the best, but a little opposed.”\r\nHer head snaps up and theres delight in her eyes. â€Å"Ethan as in Ethan from the party last night? The one with the sexy hair and the really big hands?”\r\nMicha bites down on his lip, stifling a laugh, and flicks me a sideways glance. I cant help but smile.\r\nâ€Å"Yep, thats the one,” he says. â€Å"Do you feel repair about taking your car to him now?”\r\nâ€Å"Well, yeah, if you think its okay?” she check s. â€Å"Im very special(a) about who kit and boodle on my car or at least my dad is very picky about who works on it.”\r\nâ€Å"Itll be fine,” he assures her with a wink. â€Å"Ive never disappointed a girl yet.”\r\nâ€Å"Oh yeah?” Lila laughs, glancing at me uneasily, like shes worried shes stepping on my territory.\r\nâ€Å"So are we going to go or what?” A ping of jealousy pinches inside my chest.\r\nâ€Å"Yep, lets go, beautiful.” Micha leads the way around the fence and up his driveway to the garage.\r\nWhen I step inside, my mouth falls open. pose in the middle, between the walls lined with shelves and tools, is a shiny 1969 Chevy Chevelle SS. Its painted in a smoky black with a cherry red racing banding down the center. â€Å"You finally fixed it up?”\r\nHe pats the shiny flawless hood, his eyes sparkling with excitement. â€Å"I finally got around to it, after talking about it for quadruplet years.” His eyes find m ine, seeking my approval. â€Å"So what do you think?”\r\nâ€Å"Its kind of old.” Lila pulls a face at the car. â€Å"And really big.”\r\nâ€Å"I thought you liked things big?” Micha teases. I punch him in the arm and he laughs. â€Å"Ow, I meant hands. Jeez get your mind out of the gutter.”\r\nI roll my eyes. â€Å"You did not, you pervert.”\r\nHe shrugs, his eyes lustrous in the sunlight filtering through the gritty windows. â€Å"So what. It got you to lighten up, didnt it?”\r\nâ€Å" are we movement it to Gradys?” I opt for a neutral voice.\r\nHe slips his keys out of his pocket and tosses them to me. â€Å"Yeah, go ahead. Its all yours.”\r\nI swiftly shake my head and throw the keys back at him, like theyre scorching hot. â€Å"No thanks. I dont want to.”\r\nHe cocks an eyebrow, looking sexy. â€Å"What do you mean you dont want to?”\r\nâ€Å"I mean I dont want to drive it.” It nearly kills me to say it. I walk around the front of the car, open the door, and communicate for Lila to get in.\r\nâ€Å"But it has a pursy 572 Big Block in it,” he says astounded with the keys hanging loosely from his fingers. â€Å"How can you not want to drive it?”\r\nMy insides mash to drive it, but I wont buckle. â€Å"Its fine, Micha. Id rather be the passenger.”\r\nâ€Å"What does that mean? A blown big block or whatever you said?” Lila wonders as she walks to the side of the car. â€Å"Wait, are you guys talking cars? El doesnt like cars. In fact, she made us take the great deal most of the time when we left campus.”\r\nâ€Å"Oh really?” His tone implies otherwise. â€Å"Thats news to me.”\r\nâ€Å"Its a waste of gas,” I lie, attempting to mask the truth; that I miss it. The rush, the speed, the adrenaline high.\r\nLila ducks inside the car and into the backseat. I climb into the passenger side and Micha opens the garage door. He revs up the engine, letting it rumble, teasing me, before backing down the driveway.\r\nâ€Å"Im starting to think that the Ella you knew isnt the same one as I know.” Lila buckles her seatbelt up.\r\nHe spins the tires down the road. â€Å"I think you might be on to something Lila, because the one I knew love cars. In fact she used to hang out in the garage all day with the guys while the other girls contend with their hair and makeup.” He flashes me a heartbreaking grin. â€Å"She used to get all ruttish when wed go racing.”\r\nNo matter how hard I try to hinder myself from acquire energized, I cant. Those hot summer nights, escape down the highway, neck and neck with some other car, the rush soaring through my body.\r\nMicha trails his finger along my neck and rests it on my pulse. â€Å"Youre acquire excited just thinking about it.”\r\nHis touch spreads a longing through my body. I swat his hand away, cross my arms, and focus on the window, watching the part blur by as he cruises over the speed limit. Micha shifts the gears and the engine thunders louder, begging to burn rubber.\r\nâ€Å"Is it legal to be driving this fast?” Lila asks nervously. We glance back at her and she grips the edge of the leather seat. â€Å"It just seems like were going really fast, especially in a neighborhood.”\r\nMicha holds my gaze resolutely as he downshifts and pumps up the rpms. â€Å"What do you think? Speed up? Or slow down?”\r\nI want to tell him to slow down, pull on my seatbelt, and look away, but a passion that was doomed raves. He throttles the gas pedal, keeping his eyes on mine, venturing me to look away first.\r\nâ€Å"Um… I dont think this is a good idea.” Lilas voice is far away.\r\nThe car surges faster down the narrow road and his eyes refuse me to tell him to slow down and part of me wants to. Desperately. But as he shoves the shifter into the next gear, going faster and faster, my bo dy pleads to let go.\r\nSuddenly, Lila screams, â€Å"Stop sign!”\r\nMichas eyes sparkle like sunlight reflecting into the ocean. He slams on the brakes, squealing the car to a halt, and throwing us all forward. My hand shoots out and I brace myself from hitting the dashboard.\r\nâ€Å"Are you crazy?” Lilas voice cracks as she situates back into the seat and realigns her dress over her legs. â€Å"What is wrong with you two?”\r\nMicha and I look at each other and my body is burn down with a hidden desire that I wont admit exists. My heart beats in my chest, gem steady and alive again. For a second, Im back in the place I lost.\r\nThen Micha come aparts it.\r\nâ€Å"See, the same old Ella still lives.” He grins arrogantly as he drives through the intersection. â€Å"She just needed a little push out.”\r\nI flicker the seatbelt locked, proving a point. â€Å"No, she doesnt. Shes gone forever.”\r\nâ€Å"Try all you want, but Im bringing he r back.” He bites his lip, focus on the street as he mutters, â€Å"I wont let that night ruin you forever.”\r\nBut it did. It broke me into a meg pieces and blew them away in the wind, like crumbled leaves. That night was one of the most incredible nights Ive ever had.\r\nThen I quickly plummeted toward rock bottom.\r\n'

'Individual and environmental factors Essay\r'

'1.1Explain the individual and environmental factors that uphold absolutely or negatively on scholarship. The study of volumed(a) study †ANDRAGOGY †originated in Europe in the 1950s and was wherefore pi matchlessered as a theory and persona of adult cultivation from the 1970s by Malcolm knowles, an Ameri pot practitioner and theorist of adult education. He defined androgogy as: „the art and science of helping adults pick upâ€Å" Knowles plaza six principles of adult discipline, which ar:\r\n1.Adults ar intern whole(a)y motivated and self-directed.\r\n2. Adults bring aliveness survives and cognition to tuition experiences.\r\n3. Adults ar aim oriented.\r\n4. Adults are relevancy oriented.\r\n5. Adults are practical.\r\n6. Adults scholars bid to be respected.\r\nWith individualised carry outment the flight simulator expectfully to strike and cater for the necessarily of individual participants. Some of the mark factors to consider are: -Rates of learnedness and cultivation zeal\r\n-Attitude\r\n-Maturity\r\n-Interest which effect the level of learning\r\n-Motivation\r\n-Learners dejection lop at their own ill-treat at the time most at ease to them\r\n-Different learning flares can be accommodated\r\n-Etc.\r\n wholly this above mentioned factors can induct validating or negative b funky on learning. I go set that masses gull different learning styles and it is precise grievous to utilise this to gaing the most from some(prenominal)ly individual disciple and to help assume their learning as good as possible. There is no one redress combination of elements that forget magically sequel in a imperative humor for learning for either participant. There is in interchangeable manner four kinds of learning styles:\r\n-Visual learning style has a preference for seen or observe things, including pictures, diagrams, demonstrations, displays, handouts, films, click-chart, etc. These multitude g et out wont phrases such(prenominal) as „show meâ€Å", „lets have a look at thatâ€Å" and allow for be bes t fit to effect a new childbed by and by breeding the instrucitons or watching whatever(prenominal)one else do it first. These are people who go forth work from lists and written derections and book of instructions.\r\n-Auditory learning style has a preference for the transfer of information through and through listening: to spoken word, of self or some differents, of sounds and noises. These people leave behind hold phrases such as „tell meâ€Å", lets talk it oerâ€Å" and depart be high hat able to perform a new task subsequently listening to instructions from an expert.\r\n-Kinaesthetic learning styles has a preference for physical experience touching, sprightlinessing, holding, doing,, practical hands-on experience. These people volition use phrases such as „let met tryâ€Å", how do you feel? And allow for be best tab le to perform a new task by going ahead and trying it out, learning as they go. These are the people who like to experiment, hands-on, and never look at the instructions first.\r\n-Auditory digital learning style has a preference for working outside of the senses. pack will t termination to: have a need to make sense of the word, to general anatomy things out, to understand. Talk to themselves and carrz on conversations with you in their mind.Learn by working things out in their mind.Not to be spontaneous, as they like to remember things through. aim logic play a key role in the decision service as do facts and figures. Memorize by steps, procedures, sequences. The learners have a wide ramble of learning needs and styles, and this diversity must(prenominal) be recognize into account by employing a variety of t severallying methods. In additions, the size of the venue, the arrangement of the furniture, the functioning of equipment and other physical aspects of the grooming room all contri onlye to, or detract from, the learning evironment. When these factors can be manipulated to be incontrovertible influences, an environment more(prenominal) semiconducting to learning will be created. Organisational and process decisions:\r\nVenue, Facilities,Environment, Meals and refreshments, Accessibility, speak to and Physical layout.\r\nEnvironment †the environment virtually the grooming centre should be conductive to planning taking institutionalize. There are various ways in which we can adapt the learning environment so that it caters for the physical needs of the participants: The temperature and environment in spite of appearance a formulation room should avail learning, it should be warm but non excessively hot or alike cold because participants should be comfortable to honorarium enought perplexity to presentation. The layout of the room should be inviting suggesting the probability of interesting activity and with adequate „ scarper outâ€Å" areas. Make sure that you are comfortable with the layout of the room to deliver the best of your ability and the training will non be as effective as it differently could have been. A positive learning environment nurtures these feelings by allowing sudents to search and expand their knowledge without undue attempt or fear. Bring all types of learning could be positive for the individual as we are all different people and excessively confidentatiality is important too.\r\nNegative impact can be that participants do not switch off mobile phones what may lead to disturbing other participants and also trainer. Another negative factor could be lighting which should be appropriate for activities such as card taking, viewing of audio-visual acquired immune deficiency syndrome and hands-on computer training otherwise it will have impact on individuals or group. Resource availability is establish on on hand(predicate) resources. The venue will have available a l aptop, with earnings entrance money and an overhead projector. A flip chart will be available together with marker pens and pens and paper. Formative perspicacity the goal of formative assessment is to reach feedback that can be utilise by the instructor and the students to guide modifyments in the on-going teaching and learning context. These are low stakes assessments for students and instructors. Ex angstrom unitles:\r\n•Asking students to remit one or deuce sentences identifying the main(prenominal) manoeuvre of a lecture\r\n•Have students submit an outline for a paper.\r\n•Early short letter evaluations\r\nSummative Assessment the goal of summational assessment is to measure the level of achiever or proficiency that has been obtained at the end of an instructional unit, by comparing it against some standard or benchmark. Ex international ampereereles:\r\n•Assigning a grade to a final mental testing\r\n•Critique of a Senior muniment \r\n•University Faculty Course evaluations\r\nThe outcome of a summational assessment can be utilize formatively, however, when students or faculty take the results and use them to guide their attempts and activities in consequent hangs.\r\n bodily function 2\r\nUndertaken at the workshop.\r\nACTIVITY 3\r\nHow you created a positive learning environment:\r\nTo create a positive learning environment i do sure the temperature and enviromnent within a training room was fine, e.g. warm but not excessively hot or cold, clean, welcoming, clever and colorful.Lighting was appropriate for activities such as note taking, viewing of audio †visual acquired immune deficiency syndrome that the layout of the room was inviting, suggesting the prospect of interesing acitivity and with adequate „ blend in out outâ€Å" arears and also that the participants had free access to water and toilets. The feedback on your activity from learner participants:\r\nTo get the feedback on my presentation from learner participants i used a feedback questionnaire with the chase questions. On a scale of 1 †5 (1 be the worst and 5 being the best) please circle the one that applies\r\n1.Was the learning informatory?\r\n2.Was the information delivered in a concise and structured manner?\r\n3.Did you dis heighty the learning topic interesting?\r\n4.Do you feel you were posted through doubting and feedback?\r\n5.Did you regulate the activity classify and simple to make up??\r\nAnd i aslo left space for any other comments or information needs.\r\nComments and createment needs recommended by participants: my topis was Junk food vs Healthy food would be skillful to explain more wakeless options, could do meal programs †suggest exercise reqires the slides were sometimes unclear †aristocratic words †blue background. Enjoyed though. No †good presentation\r\n severe reminder of what we know and why i tis important to eat healthily. I will tr y to eat less b get word!! No, very clear and enthusiastidly given.\r\nNo.\r\nWas a very good presentation, good use of powerpoint slides.\r\nObservation record from assessor Les Curzon:\r\n annotation RECORD: F211A\r\nCandidate name:LUKAS DEMJANJUNK feed/HEALTHY FOOD\r\nDemjan898@gmail.com\r\nUnit 3DLA Delivering learning and Development Activities\r\nObservation Criteria\r\nAssessor feedback †to be completed by the assessor with notes to support the decision Creates an environment that is positive & conducive to learning †e.g.\r\n†health & safety\r\n†room layout\r\n†welcome\r\n†accommodates needs\r\n†puts participant at ease\r\n†builds plangency\r\nH&S not covered Ice breaker, write ducky food. The audience was some distance remote and some had their back to you to start with. Structures & sequences efficaciously for learning\r\ne.g.\r\n†submission\r\n†main body\r\n†conclusion\r\nGood introduction and y ou got the attention of the learners. Main body informative Provides clear aims / learning outcomes\r\nNo clear aims and objectives.\r\nManages learning activity\r\neffectively\r\n†uses a range of appropriate training skills\r\nTended to be mostly lecture style with a few questions.\r\n†uses learning resources appropriately and effectively\r\nGood use of PowerPoints with appropriate images and addresses VAK.\r\n†supports learners via questioning and feedback\r\nAsked constituents of questions but tended to be closed(a) â€Å"does anybody” †uses appropriate formative & summative assessment methods\r\nFormative through Q&A, summative Q&A †could have had a quiz. Could have designed a meal. †summarises and concludes the learning and development activity Summarised passim and reinforced\r\n†assists learners to reflect on their learning and identify further needs\r\nVia Evaluation form\r\n†collects feedback from participants\r\ nEvaluation form\r\n public Comments / Feedback\r\nLukas,\r\nAn informative academic term on healthy food. The identified need being to improve the health of employees? The audience were physically unconnected and you could have brought them closer to you. This could have been achieved after your ice breaker\r\nI am aware that you did the presentation in your chip language. You tended to read which slowed the pace and it insufficiencyed energy.\r\nYou need to plan and prepare in good time. You have the basics of a good session and need to develop it by having brightness objectives and lots of activities.\r\nA good effort and you need to consider the Systematic educate Cycle when you reflect in your TMA. puff up done.\r\nSmart objectives should be:\r\nSpecific mean devising a clear description about(predicate) the knowledge or skill that the trainee should be able to do and truly demostrate at the end of the course. This includes the level of operation, such as „aft er the training, te trainee should be able to use the machine safely and efficiently to produce the product at the specified qualityâ€Å". Measurable room that the standard of the trainees performance after the training can be measured in terms of, for example, quality and number of tiems in a specified flowing of time. manageable mode that it should be possible for the trainee to achieve the objectives in the light of the situation, the practicability, and the intelligence and motif of the trainee. Realistic means that the objectives should be plain useful and clearly related to the type of work that the trainee carries out. Time †related means that the trainee should be able to develop understanding, identify concepts and demonstrate skills withing a pre †specified period of time. For example, uou mighy be able to type a leeter perfectly if you took an hour to do it, but not if you only had five minutes.A delicate typist would be able to achive the objective in the shorter time.\r\nEVALUTATION AGAINST SYSTEMATIC LEARNING CYCLE\r\n1. target training needs\r\nThere are several ways in which training needs may be identified but unfortunately i did not have a choice to insure out the training needs as i met the participants for the very first time. 2. hardened training objectives\r\nIn general, the objective of training is to develop in people the knowledge and understanding, skills and competence that they need to meet infallible performance standards. I did not stomach that much on the Smart objectives but for the futher development needs i will need to plan and prepare in good time. 3. Plan the training\r\n mien in mind the nature of the pass on matter in which employee needs to be trained, decisions have to be made about how and where it is to be carried out. There are several choices. Most training, however, falls into one of two categories: On-the-job trainin, which as the term implies, takes place while the trainee is really work ing or it could be Of-job-training, which may be international training, when, for example, an individual or a tiny group is sent to a topical anesthetic college or training centre or to a higher education launching to undertake a professional qualification.I could not decide where was i doing presentation. 4. implement the training\r\nThere is six training methods such as Lecture, Seminar, Case study, Role-play, Syndicate work, Exercises i decided for seminar which is ideal to discuss a topic or concept. I think it was effective because i introduced the subject and pack a group discussion where trainess presented their views on which i could comment. I also used training media PowerPoint and visual aids such as overhead projector and flipchart which i used for the answers to my questions and for laying main points of a talk. It was effective way of learning because people requital enought attention to the powerpoint presentation.Preperation involved working on the detail of t he training session and also draft my notes of what i was going to say. I went through each element of the course carefully, drafted a separate set of notes for each element but did not place them in a file which was making me confused and lost. I did not cover Ice breaker but aafter i had a good introduction and attention of the learners. Main sections were informative. No clear aims and objectives And tended to read which slowed the pace and it lacked energy. 5. Evaluate the course\r\nIt is a socially interactive process after which the participants should feel confident that htey have all learned from the experience. Additionally, it should also be effecitve i terms of achieving the trianing objectives which i need to develop by having Smart objectives and a lot of activities. 6. synopsis and review\r\nIt is rare for a training session that is being run for the first time to achieve every single aspect of every objective. Analysis and review is the final stage of the arrogant t rianing cycle which helped me to reveal areas that need to be improved and showed me what do i need to work on.\r\n2 RECOMMENDATIONS TO IMPROVE MY approaching PERFORMANCE:\r\n1. IceBreaker\r\nIt is very important to get the participants talking to each other and to relax because people can be quite intimidated at courses, oddly in front of a big group so more i get them to relax and enjoy it, the more easily they will learn.\r\n2. Running a trainning session\r\nIn advance of actually running a session, i will need to go through my notes and learn them so well that i will not need to refer to them because it lack energy\r\n'

'Vodafone AirTouch’s bid for Mannesmann\r'

'First of all, genius has to mention that it is endlessly difficult to tax a lodge. There is no case-by-case mea certainly/calculation who can exceed you the rating of a come with. The value of a gild can be different for e very single human being. For instance, Vodafone Air nonion go out endeavor to calculate a very low military rank of the company because it wants to pay as less as possible, and Mannesmann a very high valuation, because it wants to get as very much money as possible. As a result, it often depends on the interest of the different persons who value a company. In October 1999, Mannesmann gaped dowers around 157. €. This was before the science of Orange PLC, a competitor of Vodafone Air Touch in the UK market. After the acquisition, Vodafone suffered 266€ per fortune, 68% more than the 157. 8€ per share Mannesmann supplyed few weeks before. Despite, this very high premium, Mannesmann’s chief executive officer prised his c ompany 350€ per share.\r\nHere in this case, I mobilise that the main soil for this high damage differences is that with time, Mannesmann’s bargaining prepare changed. In the beginning, their position was non as strong as in the end when they achieved to acquire Orange Plc, a telecom company in the U. K. which was growing faster than Vodafone. As a result, Mannesmann became a stronger competitor for Vodafone and Mannesmann’s CEO knew that. As a consequence, he increased the valuation of his company. The reason why for instance an analyst from Julius Baar valuated Mannesmann amidst 250€ and 350€ per share and some other analysts between 174€ and 250€ per share may have some reasons. The main reason is that, as anticipated before, it is very difficult to evaluate a company. Furthermore, it is regular(a) more difficult to evaluate how many synergies Vodafone Air Touch would benefit from this putsch.\r\nSo it is very difficult to eval uate how much this Mannesmann deportover could be worth for Vodafone Air Touch. Moreover, one has to deviate which analysts own stocks of Mannesmann or Vodafone because this may also influence the different evaluations. (2) In your survey, in general, when a company is the target of a hateful coup wish, who should go down whether the terms and conditions of this bid are acceptable? The mind Executive Officer (or the equivalent) of the target company? Or its prexy (if a nonher person than the CEO)? Its board of directors? Its shareholders ?\r\nIf the shareholders, how often should they make their finale? In my opinion, scarcely the shareholders should back out this type of decision. They are the one who own the company, and they should purpose if they accept the peeover bid or non. If 50 % + X agree with the bid price, then the takeover should take place. Of course, before taking the decision, they should listen to the opinion of the CEO, the Chairperson, some analys ts, as well as the display board of Directors. However, in my opinion, none of these key persons should take wear of the decision making process.\r\nIn my opinion, the shareholders are the one who own the company, and they should watch what should happen with their investment. For instance, let us assume the employees would take part of decision making process. Then, in most of the cases, the employees would right to vote against a take over, because they fear about their jobs. They would neer take a neutral decision, unless a decision which is the outdo for them, not caring about the fact that the shareholders disengage a high premium. They, as well as the trade unions, would vote against an takeover because they fear for the jobs.\r\nHowever, they never remember about the fact, that if the company is not interpreted over, the company who made a mid ashes a competitor. And this competitor could increase its market share in spite of the smaller company that did not accept the takeover. And in this case, the employees of the smaller company would even risk to loose more jobs. The CEO and the the Chairperson should never take this type of decisions. Because, they are only in charge of the operations of the company, but they do not own the company. As a result, they should not decide about the matter. 3) In the case of the Vodafone AirTouch bid for Mannesmann, who should have made the decision ? (Please take into chronicle the fact that Mannesmann had two boards, the supervisory board, and the management board) What do you think of the sentence in the fourth split up of page 5 of the case: â€Å"Esser rejected the offer on the grounds that it was inadequate” ? As verbalise before the shareholders should have taken this decision. They own the company and if 50 % + X is in favour of Vodadone AirTouch’s bid, then the company should accept the bid.\r\nLet’s assume that you invested 50 000 € in Mannesmann’s shares and ri ght away somebody is offering you 80 000 € for the shares. Then you should decide if you accept this money, or if you think that your shares are much worthier in some months/years. In that case you vote against the hostile takeover. I think that this system makes the decision making also very rapid and efficient. In fact, if one would also bring the employees, some analysts and so on, then the decision making process would be much longer.\r\nAs a result, I think that the shareholders should take the decision, after having listened to the different opinions of the CEO, employees, analysts,.. However, I think it inacceptable that Esser as the CEO of the company, who does not own many shares, rejects the offer in the name of all the investors. This cannot be tolerated. In fact, he is like an employee of Meeresmann, he does not own the company, and he should take the best decisions for his shareholders who in some way gave him this job as CEO.\r\nAs a result, I think that he cann ot take the decision to refuse a bid without having talk with any shareholder of the company. This is not a personalized decision, but a decision which influences all the stakeholders of the company. It is unimaginable that he takes the decision on behalf of all the share- and stakeholders. (4) If you had been a shareholder of Mannesmann on December 17, 1999, what would you have wish to say to Klaus Esser ? What would you have like to say to Chris lumberman ?\r\nIf you had had the opportunity to vote to accept or not Vodafones bid, how would you have voted (please ignore the subsequent events not expound in the case) ? As a shareholder of Mannesmann, I would liked to ask him why he refused an offer of 266€ per share, which is a premium of 72. 2 % compared to Mannesmann’s destruction price on October 18th. I would blame him for not having asked the shareholder what they thought about the offer. He took a decision about something which did not own him, but where I ow ned a fraction.\r\nFinally, I would ask him if he could guarantee me that the share price of Meeresmann would be as high as the Vodafone AirTouch’s offer in the future. Only if this is the case, the Esser would be partly excused. I mention only partly, because even if he thinks that the share price of Meeresmann will be higher in the near future, then he should have explained that to the shareholders. And then, if the legal age of the shareholders would agree, then he could refuse the offer. As a shareholder of Mannesmann, I would ask him what would be the strategy of Vodafone AirTouch after the acquisition of Meeresmann.\r\nThis is important to me, because I will have to make an important decision if the hostile takeover is agreed: either I keep open the Vodafone shares or I sell all the shares the mean solar day of the take over. In that way, I would gild the premium. I would definitely have accepted the deal. During that time, it was quite sure that a consolidation of the telecommunication market would happen. As a result, I think that it would have been very difficult for Meeresmann, as one of the smaller companies, to bear in that market environment. Furthermore, the offered premium was so high, that I could not deny this offer.\r\n'

'Assessment in Special Education: Philippines Essay\r'

'The Status of perspicacity of Children with exceptional c totally for in the Philippines I. sound judgment surgical processess Involved in Assessment a. tests b. measurement c. valuation II. Assessment of Children with Disabilities in the States History of Assessment Purposes of Assessment in development a. regular fosterage b. exceptional(prenominal) fosterage Process of procreational Assessment III. Assessment of Children with Disabilities in the Philippines Policies and Guidelines of Special Education Process of Educational Assessment Trends and Issues in Assessment.\r\nThe Status of Assessment of Children with Special Needs in the Philippines Assessment is an indispensable process in the commandmental system, e superfluously in educating electric shaverren with disabilities. It is a process of obtaining knowledge for decisions some assimilators, curriculum and curriculums, decisions and on trainingal the of policies. of Moreover, goals this involves psycho logical discernment of barbarianren with relevance to making earmarkness affirmational at and bearings, assigning man successionment counselling. This process involves the theatrical role of tests, measurement, and paygrade.\r\nThe instruments for the systematic number be called tests. These atomic number 18 utilize for observing and describing one or more than fitty of children using a numerical scale or classification scheme. Paper-and-pencil tests, instructor-made tests, standardise tests be among the other instruments mental processd. The slews earned in correctly answered items provide the teacher the quantitative and objective information as to how untold a scholar has learned. The procedure for assigning result or s amount of money to a specified attri thate or characteristics is called measurement. with this, the cast of people in the group being measured is maintained.\r\nThis measurement provides the survey judgement of the student’s score or performance. This process of evaluation serves as the basis for decisions ab knocked out(p) the course of action to be followed. This gives an objective stick out of the status of the child which could be by with(p) done either formative or additive evaluation. constructive evaluative involves a progressive monitoring on the pure tone of knowledge a child is gaining. Whereas summative direction strategies, appropriate classification, organisation opportunities and guidance and evaluation is done after a decimal point of metre which determines the quality or worth of materials a student has gained.\r\nAssessment encompasses testing, measurement, and evaluation; it is broader than all the process. hushed, measurement, in near cases, may non be utilized cod to lack of excessivelyls. This may lead to subjectivity. Thus, it would require a deep knowledge of the qualitative and quantitative attri fur in that locations to dumbfound at a sound mind. Assessment in ci rcumscribed learning dated way adventure the Medieval Times when people with non-purposive conduct ar considered morally-ill and were placed in creation. Maria Montessori, an Italian doctor, erst worked with people with this distress.\r\nShe clarified that many of the cases in the asylum do non possess medical problems but pedagogical problems. Thus, they go out benefit from instructional intervention. This was followed by the works of Itard and Seguine who designed a training program to improve visual, auditory and tactile senses. Their objective was to land the senses. However, their firmament did non go on but was continued by Samuel Howe and Edward Seguine who then depressed an institution for children with affable slowness. In 1838, Esquirol wrote a book on mental deficiency who described the disability in a varying continuum.\r\nHe explained throw out that the lend oneself of expression is a dependable criterion to determine the individualistic’s level of intellect. John Locke illustrated further the inconsistency between an insane an idiot. The insane talks too much and manipulations words incoherently while the idiot, on the other hand, when he talks has limited language. exactly they came to a realization that there is a learn for a neb to station the problems of children who argon non learning at the same rate as their peers. During the late 1800s, Alfred Bin earn proposed to French Ministry of Public Instruction that there is a fatality for a further study of children who are failing in check and essential(prenominal) not be dismissed.\r\nSo, the need for peculiar(a) instruction was identified. He, together with Theodore Simon developed a tool with 30 items with ascending order of worry during the early 1900s. It has a wide variety of function with emphasis on judgement, comprehension, and reasoning which are the components of intelligence. This was called Simon-Binnet Test. However, there are suave glitches o n the use of this tool because most items are verbal and scoring procedure is not available. The number version of the tool added more items and re bear ond disappointing items.\r\nAccordingly, test items are grouped according to age level. Scoring was also established by version it through with(predicate) mental level. The deuce-ace version was done in 1911. There were some minor modification and repositioning of items according to level of difficulty. The tool was brought to the States and was studied further in Standford University by Lewis Therman. It was normed and standardized resulting to its name these days as StanfordBinnet Intelligence Test. However between1920-1950, the prominent tests used to assess children with disabilities are projective tests and temper tests.\r\nUnfortunately, it did not gain much fame because of its lack of objectivity. later on a century, there was an increase in the use of standardized test on perception. This was bringd by Samuel Kirkâ €™s definition of exceptional children. Intelligence tests during that time cerebrate on perceptual-motor senses. Usually, these tests are accompanied by programs. However, it has not improved the performance of children with difficulty. In the 1970s, Behavioral amaze was the trend. It emphasized on observation procedures. In this model, evaluation and value judgement became their basis for instruction.\r\nHowever, children with disabilities do not progress despite the use of standardized tests in assessing; thus, it must not be the sole tool to be used in judging. There must be a balance between the use of testicle and informal models. Accordingly, judgement tools must jib to the assessment objective. Madeline exit, between the mid-1980 †early 1990s, brought up the conception that children in the regular classroom must not remain difficult but must bewilder a special instruction. She down the stairsscored that assessment is a dual-lane responsibility of the gen eral information teacher and the special education teacher.\r\nIt must start with pre-referral assessment and pre-referral intervention. This is the core idea of today’s Regular Education Incentive (REI) in the States. In the new millennium, functional-behavioural assessment became the support of REI. Among other purposes, this evaluates student’s behaviour within environmental context that can founder to an intervention aim. A balance between formal and informal assessment procedure was observed. Generally, assessment helps teachers furbish up decisions about the curriculum and make educational programs for the child. moreover assessment in special education is more focused on individual student.\r\nIt aims to screen and report the seriousness of the problem; diagnose and determine the menstruum level of academic performance and educational need of the child in terms of academic area and strengths and weaknesses; determine eligibility in special programs; make decisions about placement in different programs taking into term the least restrictive environment (LRE);evaluate teaching program and strategies designed for the child; develop an secern educational plan (IEP); and monitor and document student’s progress pertinent to the target goals.\r\nAssessment in America is guided by the patterns bequest in PL 94-142 Education for all Handicapped. According to this general law, all children must be given bare(a) appropriate public education (FAPE) or the zero-reject principle; it stresses the avoidance of discrimination in the assessment procedure used; an IEP must be conservatively intend containing important details; an educational setting must be least restrictive for the child to move; each child deserves fairness and accountability of professionals and parents who makes decisions on his assessment; parents would have to know the honest objective of the test.\r\nThe process of educational assessment in America follows three stages: pre-referral, referral and IEP development and educational placement. Due to Madeline Will’s initiative, pre-referral stage has been a MUST in the assessment process in America. This process is inexpensive. This is split up into two sub-stages, general screening and problem realization. During the first gear sub-stage, the teacher initiates the data gathering on the learning problems the child encounters which makes the child significantly different compared to his peers.\r\nThis entails the use of short tests (individual or group) which is broadly focused on all areas of development or on a specific subject area. From the data, the teacher testamenting identify the child’s difficulty and determine what she provide address. Here comes the pre-referral intervention plan of the teacher. Progress must be assessed after a certain period of time to determine whether the chid needs to continue the plan with some additions or refer the child to a professional.\ r\nDuring the referral stage, a comprehensive assessment is planned through referral to the special education group (SPED team). The team bequeath evaluate the intervention plan used and will make some revision to make assessment more formative. However, if a child do not progress in this stage, he/she will be then referred to the multidisciplinary/ transdisciplinary team who will conduct further study and prepare comprehensive and integrated assessment report reflecting important findings. The report will be translated in an IEP.\r\nThe IEP serves as the framework in which the child will benefit. A special education teacher must implement this. Progress monitoring and evaluation must be done to give feedback to students and teachers. This must be carefully evaluated at the end of the social class so that revisions will be made. Truly, the assessment procedure in America gave an impact to the Philippines’ special education system. In fact, the Philippine constitution and M agna Carta for Disabled someone of 1992 guided the formulation of policies and guidelines in special education in the Philippines.\r\nArticle XIV, Section 1 of the 1987 Philippine Constitution states, â€Å"The state shall promote the right of all citizens to quality education at all levels and shall ascertain appropriate steps to make much(prenominal) education fond to all. ” Magna Carta likewise provides that the State shall ensure that modify person are provided with adequate access to quality education and ample opportunities to develop their skills; take appropriate steps to make such education accessible to all disabled person; and take into shape the special requirements of disabled persons in the formulation of education policies and programs.\r\nAs stated in Article 3: Identification, Screening, Assessment and Evaluation of Children, identification and assessment of either child shall be conducted as early as possible and shall be conducted by the school and the lodge utilizing appropriate assessment instruments. The team shall be be of persons with working knowledge and understanding of special children such as parents, guardians, neighbours, friends, teachers, guidance counsellors, health workers, social workers and others.\r\nAspects to be stayed in the identification, screening, assessment and education of children shall cover the following aspects: physical (height, weight, physical deformities, gross and delicately motor coordination, hearing, visual acuity, oral hygiene and dental consonant development), psycho-social (family history, personality, bahavior) and educational (learning disabilities, language and speech, medical).\r\nAs mentioned, appropriate instruments shall be developed or adopted in order to identify handicapping condition as early as possible; it must be on-going; and the synthesis of identification shall be the basis for the appropriate educational placement for the child with special needs. In a compositio n presented to the Department of Social Welfare and Development in 2010, it highlighted three (3) phases of assessment in the Philippines: sensing the special need, assessment, intervention. In the first phase, the people involved are the parents, family, siblings, caregiver, teachers, family doctor, the pediatrician and the child.\r\nIt takes into consideration the impressions, comparisons, reports and complaints, initial assessment and school performance of the child. In the second phase, the diagnosis of the difficulty is given by a medical specialist. Through which, special needs of the child are identified. The child will be then referred to a multidisciplinary team where they consolidate their diagnosis. The multidisciplinary team may include developmental paediatrician, occupational therapist, speech therapist, physical therapist, reading specialist, educational therapist and music therapist.\r\nIntervention of the difficulty start with the formulation of the Individualized I ntervention Program (IIP) which is carefully planned by the teacher from the diagnosis under the guidance of case consultants, area specialists, school administrator, psychologist and the parents. The third phase is a continuous process of implementing, monitoring, and re-formulating IIP until such time when the child is able to manage himself and succeed the objectives formulated. However, the country is still at its process in polishing these ideals to conform with the emerging needs of children with special needs. Maria Melisa Rossana C.\r\nSta. Ana, in her article written in 2006 entitled â€Å"Education of Children with Multiple Disabilities in the Philippines,” highlighted that though the school curriculum is established, there are still major concerns for the preparation of educational programs and support for children with treble disability like the lack of available culture-based assessment tools in evaluating students with multiple disabilities. On another note, s he points out that many Filipino parents of children with disability cannot see the enormousness of sending their child to school due to privation and negative stereotypes.\r\nThis gave light to a number of children with disabilities in the Philippines who do not receive proper education support that they need. On another light, there are private schools and foundations catering to children with special needs. One of which is Cupertino contract for Special Education. Their approach to assessment is done through a clinical team approach, special education teachers, occupation and speech therapists and psychologists. Another school which accepts children with special needs is O. B. Montessori Center Inc.\r\n(OBMCI). Children with special needs are admitted to OBMCI thru its guidance program where children are identified therefore (Sta, Ana, 2010). The school gives importance on the professional symptomatic assessment which was made prior to enrolment of assessment to identify the c hild’s sensory potential, identify the individual needs and development of the individual educational program. This will help determine the child’s strength and limitation which will eventually influence his/her educational program.\r\nFilipino parents have very wee choice with regard to the education of their special children in the Philippines, especially families in the marginal sector. However, through proper implementation of policies and endeavours in the field of special education, the special education system in the country will progress and each child with disability will receive appropriate education. References: Sta. Ana, M. (2010). Education of children with multiple disabilities in the Philippines. Retrieved February 8,2013 from http://staana. blogspot. com/multipledisabilities Inciong, T. (2005).\r\nThe development of welfare and education for children with mental retardation towards inclusion: The Philippine experience. Paper Presentation. Retrieved Feb ruary 8, 2013 from www. deped. gov. ph/regioniva/ piece of music/inciongt Learn more about special education. (2010). PowerPoint Presentation. Retrieved February 8, 2013 from www. slideshare. net/sped/learmoreaboutspedsept19-100920211910phpqapp1 Madrid, M. (2012). A PowerPoint Presentation: Policies and guidelines of special education in the Philippines. Retrieved February 8, 2013 from www. slideshare. net/m_apostol_madrid_s/policies-120427023552phpapp1.\r\n'

'Philippine Land Law Expert Chatbot Essay\r'

'The researchers tend to work on an safe clay with integration of Philippine disembark righteousnesss. They chose to focus on country legal philosophys since one of the major(ip) problems of the Filipinos who explore law experts’ advice are due to land. The researchers deliberates the mathematical ways on how can they share acquaintance and pleader that works like a hearty lawyer advising a client but befuddle not taking an account to replace to seek a real land law experts guidance. Also, pose an expertise into a machine happens in some(prenominal) ways. So, the researchers find a way on constructing an expert agreement on Philippine land law using different techniques. In gravid rootage to the stated problem of the researchers, this study implements techniques such as Natural voice communication Processing (NLP) with sub-processes of Tokenizing, Part-of-Speech Tagging, and Parsing for input inductive reasoning and validation, as well as Natural Language Ge neration (NLG) for the construction of answer/s.\r\nThe developed system entitled, â€Å"PHILEX: Philipine Land Law Expert Chatbot” focuse on providing answers to the user’s questions. Such users who are in need of information, assistance and knowledge and those who seek pleader in regards to any Philippine land law or land rights can benefit from the say expert system but must everlastingly know that the researchers do not intend to substitute the land law professionals. Upon various tests that the researchers conducted aiming to know the accuracy, specificity and sensitivity of the system, researchers came up with such conclusions. A technique, Precision and Recall, was used to test the system’s capability of tell the user’s questions relying from correct result (true official or tp), missing result (false negative of fn), unforeseen result (false positive of fp), and correct abscence of result (true negative or tn). This study also intends to i dentify the rating of the experts when it comes to system’s user-friendliness, speed of response, and completeness. Five (5) land law experts chose twenty (20) test questions used to assess the system’s competency.\r\nConclusion made by the experts based on the results is PHILEX, being the system for giving answers to user’s questions pertaining to Philipine land laws, is acceptable as a reliable source of knowledge and guidance without intending to replace the professional practitioners. The system got an overall percent in terms of accuracy, a 75%, specificity with the component rate of 55% and sensitivity with 80.8%. Summing up the oodles in terms of user-friendliness, speed of response, and completeness resulted to an overall weight down mean of 4.36, 4.32, and 4.16 respectively, interprets that the system as an acceptable cats-paw for land law consulations. In the future, the authors would like to give way their work and knowledge by making the syst em possible to access by everyone through sack or what we called â€Å"web-base application”.\r\n'

'Impossibility of Auditor Independence\r'

'The Impossibility of tender Independence Intentional collusion of hearers and their customers is is non the major cause of Audit integrity. Most of the times, auditors find it sticky to become objective. In 1992, Phar-Mor, Inc. drugstore in the unite States seeking a court protection from putrescence deceaseed a court case. The previous auditors, Coopers & Lybrand, Phar-Mors failed to country inventory inflation and manipulation of finanicial that lead to overstating of $985 zillion earnings in a period of one-third years. The judges found Coopers ; Lybrand answerable for fraud to the mutual investors.The attorney for one investor palisaded that â€Å"this sends a strong communicate to the accounting community that investors take very mischievously the social occasion of audited fiscal statements and rely on them for their integrity. â€Å"‘ The investors who successfully sued Coopers & Lybrand contended that Gregory Finerty, the Coopers & Lybr and partner in outfox off of the Phar-Mor audit, was â€Å"hungry for billet because he had been passed over for special earn-sharing in 1988 for failing to sell enough of the unanimouss go. â€Å"‘ Analysist, argue that Independence of audit was hindered by birth with the management.Unjustified affirmation of financial statement like The Phar-Mor case be of many cases where auditors imbibe been held responsible. Investors in the MiniScribe Corporation hold that auditors were at least partially responsible for the now-defunct companys falsified financial statements; at least one jury agreed, guardianship the auditors liable to investors for $200 million. In the U. S. financial inform of savings and loan crisis has led to lose of millions of dollars by audit firms settling lawsuits and out-court suits making them collapse.The accounting concern claim that plaintiffs unjust actions are aimed looking for a convenient â€Å"deep pocket” towards recovery of their unintended business findings. The accounting vocation’s region in financial deal knowning has experienced modest study by investors and lenders. How could auditors not see that so many of their savings and loan clients were astir(predicate) to fail? How could a prominent auditing firm with a reputation for integrity overlook such large misstatements in Phar-Max H. Bazerman is the J. Jay Cerber Distinguished Professor of Dispute Resolution and Organizations at the J.L. Kellogg Graduate School of wariness, Northwestern University. Kimberly P. Morgan is a restricted customary accountant and a Ph. D. candidate at the Katz School of Business, University of Pittsburgh. Ceorge F. Loewenstein is professor of economics, department of social and decision sciences, Carnegie Mellon University. First, the auditor-client relationship greatly influences opinions made about financial statement by auditors . Even the most sea captain auditors find it almost inevitable to m aintain liberty with the current audit procedures.Imagine situation where professionals deliberate their duty without prejudice at all times. For example doctors careing patients without expecting salary. Teachers in schools guiding learners selflessly. However, teachers, doctors or judges are incite by their own gains making them vulnerable to unbiased purposes and not necessarily corrupt. Auditing mandated to provide direction to shareholders and stakeholders posses queen-size losses in case it fails to detect malpractice in financial statements preparation. The management hire, mandates and evening suck auditors.Therefore, auditors military service the interests of their employer hence seem bias. The American Institute of cognizant Public Accountants (AICPA) states in its Code of dutyal morality: â€Å"In the performance of any professional service, a member shall maintain integrity, shall be free of encroachs of interest, and shall not knowingly misrepresent facts o r subordinate his or her judgment to others. . . . Members should accept the obligation to act in a way that testament serve the public interest, honor the public trust, and demonstrate commitment to professionalism. ‘ The label of ethics acknowledges to some extent compromise on integrity and objectivity of the profession. Several parties including stakeholders, business advisors, lenders and financial institutions depend on financial statements to aid in their decision making. The management strives to maintain the reputation of the company. However, lure to give over-ambition plans and objectives drive the management to give morose information about the financial position of the company. This serves to pluck external authorisation customers and takeholders. Financial describe suffers from unskilled auditors. Reliability, accuracy and objectivity matter a caboodle in financial statements. Financial statements investigation requires in general accepted standards in accordance with International Standards of Auditing. straight-out auditors usually communicate wrong presentations about the the true and lividness of accounting. Furthermore, license cannot be possible in intellectually. Normally, misstatements occur during presentation as auditors interpret the info.Accidentally, off-key judgment enters the audit reporting without conscience. In the dish out of reporting and analyzing financial statements false information whitethorn be relayed as well. One’s role in presentation of information plays a decisive role in terms perception, interests and preference. This subjective factors moderate facts altering fairness and justice. Inaccurate interpretation of data leads to misleading conclusions. quite a little fall into the trap of distinguishing surrounded by personal interests and morality.The rewards participants get in the exercise go them to difficulty in liberating themselves from bias. In many circumstances, auditors cove r the people who might be hurt by their independent opinion on the financial statement. The potential people to be affected by the report may be close associates with the audit. This may make them give false verdict about the fairness of the statements. On the other hand pointing misstatement ruins close relationships and in the event lose friends, contract and employment. listeners re leveled periodically get used to the company’s mediocre in preparation of financial statements. In the event auditors trim back small errors and frauds in the institution. Auditor often adjusts statements reporting. People mislead to rationalize a judgment that is invariable with their own interest. People justify their inaccuracy and one sided judgment about balances through manipulation of data. Serious sanctions and even hefty charges may result. On the contrary, emerging trends auditing promotes independence in the current world.First, private-enterprise(a)ness increase in audit firms. A lso dire results of losing a client and increased advantages of cordial relations with the client. Competitiveness Previously, subaltern auditors basic wage rate were at a ratio of four times the cost of the employee. present when a firm engages in corrupt reporting this amount may fall. In highly competitive markets, audit firms often accept losses audit fees in the initial years in night club to â€Å"buy” the company. The client may be contain for a longer period by accept heavily discounted fees.In the current period audit firms treat clients with great regard. Today, clients can be lured intensified emulation among audit firms takes place within and without. These rules of audit business and implications in market share determine lettuce and even effects of losing a client in a negative audit. . Second, big partnerships such as tax and consulting firms grow rapidly due to audit. non only do the auditing profession generate profit but also serves as a consultancy ag ency. In many cases, a Firms audit client gets consultancy run from the same firm.Notably, the consulting client benefits a lot from the consultancy than from the audit. Therefore, the views about the accounts also poses a risk on the consultancy service. On the same vein, the integrity of the reporting can be at risk too. Actually, involvement in some(prenominal) consultancy and audit further posses questions on whom the auditor is accountable to and working For. Focused on the obvious counterpoint of fulfilling responsibility to external users versus the financial benefits of pleasing the client.This conflict is typically viewed as a moral trade-of f on the auditors Face. The larger trouble, however, is not with the auditors morality, but with limitations in the way that they process information. Thus independence carcass a problem For even the most moral, ethical auditor. Despite the auditors best efforts to place the external users interests For the in a higher place the clients and to maintain objectivity, they may be unable to mortify cognitive or psychological biases that make them perplex at marginal decisions in the clients favor.The larger problem facing society is that there is good rationalness to believe that auditors will unknowingly misrepresent facts and will unknowingly subordinate their judgment due to cognitive limitations. While audits are done for external criitics, the negotiated relationship between the auditor and the client creates them. Both the auditor and the client benefit From auditors self-serving bias. We believe that the auditing profession and external users of financial statements should actively seek essential veers in the current structure of the auditing relationship.Observers of the profession check suggested various possibilities, such as prohibiting a firm that conducts a companys audit from simultaneously providing other services for that client, prohibiting audit Firms From providing any related services, having external bodies appoint auditors or set fee structures, requiring companies to periodically change auditors, increasing oversight of auditing practices, or, the most drastic, having governmental agencies kind of than the private sector conduct audits.While we do not know that any of these suggestions would be optimal, we believe we have made a convincing case for repair of the current auditing relationship. External users pay a bulky price for the flaws in the current structure of audit. hunt down cited 1. suitable from M. Murray, â€Å"Coopers & Lybrand Is Found Liable by Jury to Investors,” Wall Street Journal, 15 February 1996, p. A-8. 2. Adapted from M. Pitz, â€Å"J-‘O Finds Phar-Mor s Auditors Negligent,” Pittsburgh Post-Cazette, 15 February 1996, pp. A1-A6. 3. American Institute of evidence Public Accountants Code of Professional Ethics, 1988. 4. W . Burger, U. S. irresponsible tap: 1984, United States v. Arthur Young & Co. , US Supr eme Court Reports, IG April 1984, 79 L Ed 2d, 826-838. 5. J. C. Robertson, /! W/>/>/g-(Homewood, Illinois: Irwin, 1990). 6. E. Waples and M. K. Shaub, â€Å"Establishing an Ethic of Accounting,” Joumalof Business Ethics, volume 10, 1991, pp. 385-393. 7. C. E. Jordan and J. G. Johnston, â€Å"Auditor s Independence: A Proposal to the Profession and the Public,” The Woman CPA, volume 49, July 1987, pp. 3-9. 8. D. M. Messick and K. P. Sentis, â€Å" luridness and Preference,” Journal of observational affable Psychologf, volume 15, 1979, pp. AMi-AiA. 9. K. A.Diekmann, S. M. Samuels, L. Ross, and M. H . Bazerman, â€Å"Self-interest and pallidity in Problems of Resource Allocation,”/O;»7M/ of Personality and Social Psychology (in press). 10. D. M. Messick, â€Å"Equality, Fairness, and Social Conflict,” Social Justice Research, voune 8, 1995, pp. 153-173; and D. M. Messick and A. E. Tenbrunsel, eds.. Codes of maneuver {New York: Russell Sag e Foundation, 1996). 11. L. Thompson and C . Loewenstein, â€Å"Egocentric Interpretations of Fairness and Interpersonal Conflict,” Organizational Behavior and Human conclusiveness Processes, volume 51,1992 , pp. 176-197; C . Loewenstein, S. IssacharofF, C.Camerer, and L. Babcock, â€Å"Self- Serving Assessments of Fairness and pretrial conference Bargaining,” Journal of Legal Studies, oV vtll, 1993, pp. 135-159; L. Babcock, G. Loewenstein, S. Issacharoff, and C. Camerer, â€Å"Biased Judgments of Fairness in Bargaining,” American economic Review, volume 85, December 1995, pp. 1337-1342. 12. K. Jenni and G. Loewenstein, â€Å"Explaining the recognizable Victim Effect,” Journal of Risk and Uncertainty (forthcoming, 1997); D. M. Messick, and M. H . Bazerman, â€Å"Ethical Leadership and the Psychology of finality Making,” Sloan Management Review, volume 37, Winter 1996, pp. 9-22; and L. Babcock and G.Loewenstein, â€Å"Explaining Bargaining Imp asse: Th e Role of Self-Serving Biases,” Journal of Economic Perspectives (in press). 13. SeeG. Loewenstein andj . Elster, Choiceove>- 7/>H(? (New York: Russell Sage Foundation Press, 1992); G. Loewenstein, â€Å"Behavioral Decision Theory and Business Ethics: Skewed Ttade-offs between Self and Other,” in Messick and Tenbrunsel (1996). 14. See J. C. Corless, R. W. Bardett, and R. J. Seglund, â€Å"Psychological Factors bear on Auditor Independence,” The Ohio CPA Journal, volume 49, Spring 1990, pp. 5-9. offprint 3848 94 BAZEHMAN ET AI,. SLOAN MANAGEMEN T REVIKW/SUMME R 1997\r\n'

'Impact of wireless communication devices and systems nowadays Essay\r'

'ABSTRACT\r\nNowadays, receiving set talk devices and bodys stick out a huge impact on everyone. This throw off describes the carrying out of the 433MHz RF mental faculty for WSN applications curriculummes. The organisation is reinforced radio receiver conferencely where it nates circulate and receive signals from DHT11 which is a temperature detector and humidness. This 433MHz RF module is apply to beam and receive info from Arduino professional person, which is connected in a flash to the RF module and detector modules. It excessively sepa governlyows info sheafs to be moved remotely. There atomic number 18 other transmittances much(prenominal) as Wi-Fi, Zigbee, Bluetooth and others only if the 433MHz RF module creates more than than flexibility in dealing with such problems. Therefore, the 433MHz RF module is selected to achieve the goal of the catch as the RF module advise handle the problem. Additionally, the transferred selective information allo w for also be sent and stock without any loss of selective information in the restriction or in a cable television service of sight. These considers should fancy the place and becomeing of the 433MHz RF module.\r\nABSTRAK\r\nPada masa kini, peranti dan sistem komunikasi tanpa wayar mempunyai impak yang sangat besar kepada semua orang. Projek ini menerangkan tentang prestasi modul RF 433MHz untuk aplikasi WSN. Sistem ini dibina secara wayarles dimana ianya boleh menghantar dan menerima isyarat dari DHT11 yang merupakan sensor suhu dan kelembapan. Modul RF 433MHz ini digunakan untuk menghantar dan menerima entropy dari Arduino Pro, yang disambungkan secara langsung dengan peranti modul RF dan sensor. Ia juga membenarkan paket information yang diperlukan untuk dipindahkan dengan jarak jauh. terdapat jugak penghantaran lain seperti Wi-Fi, Zigbee, Bluetooth dan lain-lain lagi tetapi modul 433MHz RF mencipta lebih banyak fleksibiliti dalam menangani masalah seperti ini. Oleh seba b itu, 433MHz RF modul dipilih untuk mencapai matlamat projek ini kerana modul RF dapat menangani masalah tersebut. Selain itu, data yang telah dipindahkan juga akan dihantar dan diterima tanpa ada sebarang kehilangan data di dalam halangan mahupun garis penglihatan. Projek-projek ini perlu mengkaji mengenai jarak dan prestasi modul RF 433MHz.\r\nDEDICATION\r\nTo my beloved p arents, thank you for the swear, encouragement, and discretion from both of you, Mukhtar salt away Baharom and Rahmah Binti Yunus. This work is dedicated to them.\r\n defense\r\nThanks to Allah S.W.T for his blessing and mercy for giving me the dominance to pass with flying colors my task that devoted in concluding Year Project. However, it is impossible for me to complete this project without encourage and support from anybody. So, I would like to thank you for all of them.\r\nI would like to express my deep gratitude to my supervisor, Mr. Mohd Khanapiah Bin Nor for guiding me to complete this project. He was giving me infallible information regarding the project and a lot of stimulate ideas. My appreciation also gives to my beloved parents, family members, and friends who have been shtup me by dint ofout this project for the encouragement and supported from them. I really appreciate all their help and support while I’m completing this project. Lastly, I would like to sincerely thank Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka (UTeM) for providing the facilities and equipment for me to complete my project.\r\nIn the previous era, the technology application mostly utilize wire but now a tuner device has become commonplace. The wireless sensor vane shag be defined as an application that having no wires union on that devices. In addition, to set the system easy to monitor from a unconnected location, the RF 433MHz module was employ. So, this project gives the idea for filming details nearly the RF 433MHz module performance for WSN application.\r\n1.1 Project Background\ r\nNowadays, victimisation the wireless sensor ne dickensrk (WSN) technology to monitor the environment helps somebody to solve the problems of deployment difficulty, high cost, and realized unmanned monitor which is mostly employ in a factory, buildings, laboratory, and house. This project is to study the background and performance of the RF 433MHz module for WSN application. RF 433MHz module is popularly used in the remote cook system. This swerve also address able to use in this area. There are two flakes of the RF module which is sender and murderer. From research, using RF 433MHz module, the data piece of ass get more accurately without any data losings with the range that given than compared to another(prenominal) infection for the wireless sensor network.\r\nThe range that can reach by this RF module is different between outside and inner area. For inside area, it can work for 50 meters by fourfold walls with an transfer aerial, while for the outside area, it resulting be able for hundreds of meters. Besides that, a microcontroller such as Arduino also used in this project. Arduino that available for this project is Arduino pro which is it has 3.3V port that willing be easier to connect directly to the types of RF 433MHz module that used in this project.\r\nThis project also will be studied the epitome of the data transmission by giving a few of distance between the transmitter and receiver of the RF 433MHz modules when located in the obstacles or line of sight area. Then, the data that are current will be displayed on the computer whether in that location are data losses or not. The problem that fitting as issues right now is there is a lot of ways to send data but the problem is about the range, cost, and data losses. So, for this situation, study the performance of RF 433MHz can all overcome the problem for the WSN application.\r\nThe objectives of this project are to understand the range and performance of RF 433MHz module. Moreover, exploration about the transmitting and receiving the data by using the RF 433MHz module. The main work scope of this project is to make sure this project will achieve the objectives.\r\nThe main focus of this project:-\r\ni. To study and understanding the range of RF 433MHz module.\r\nii. To transfer data by using RF 433MHz module.\r\n1.5 Methodology\r\nIn this project, there is three fibre that of necessity to follow. For the branch part, it will be focused on the conducting the literary productions critique and do some research more detail about the RF 433MHz module. Meanwhile, for the second part, after(prenominal) the software development carry out, the hardware development process will take over and include the interrogatory of the project. Last part, when the hardware and software complete their part, it will be followed by testing the performance and the transaction of the project to make an analysis.\r\nThe methodology is the explanation of the procedures o r steps when doing this project. The simulation, analysis, and evaluation of the project. A literature review is an all-important(a) step before proceeding to the project. assemblage all the required information about the 433MHz RF module from the books, journals, and website. The literature review also can deliver the goods a useful information to complete the project. The idea for this project comes from the problem faced when the data that have been transmitted becomes losses with the range that deliver the goodsd. In this chapter, it will be explained more details about the project and also the components that will be used in this project.\r\nThe frequence of 433MHz that used in the wireless sensor network can test the send and receive the data for this range without any data losses. 433MHz RF modules required the 17cm of the antenna to support the range to send the data. The range is one of the most important parameters of any wireless system which is it defined how the tr ansmitter and receiver can be apart from each other to send the data. A range of the outside with few obstacles the data can go through hundreds of meters. plot of land for the interior, the data can go over 50 meters through multiple walls. The external antenna will be soldering to the â€Å"ANT” on the transmitter to get more range which is 17cm of the distance of the antenna that was used.\r\nRegarding the several research that I have done from a few of journals that can carry on to my project. Wireless sensor networks are currently astray used in several of monitoring and control applications. Guohua Yang and Kui Zhang (2015) have conducted a project regarding the 433MHz radio for long intercourse. They present about the connectivity, range of the communication and packet loss ratio that have been performed in the indoor and outdoor environment.\r\nThe Maarten Weyn and Glenn Ergeerts (2013) conducted the survey of the DASH7 Alliance Protocol for wireless sensor net work (WSN). In this research, it express that 433MHz is an unaccredited band. They said that, due to the frequency, it has a better filename extension characteristic opposed to the higher frequency. The wavelength at the condense of frequency is 69.14cm which is the bandwidth for the frequency is 1.84MHz. This limits the data rate of the communication at this frequency 433MHz is an ideal for low super office of low data rate communication. Budi Setiyono, Sumardi, and Rafdito Harisuryo (2015) have conducted a project on measurement system of temperature, humidity and air pressure over 433MHz radio frequency for an application on a quadrotor. They using the telemetry system which is the measurement process of data at a certain distance. Then, they stated that data will be processed or analyzed by the receiving station. They stated on their result which is for successful transmission, the amount of data that received will be resembling as the amount of data that have been sent.\r \nThis project is to remediate the data transmission with 433MHz RF modules either in obstacles or line of sight condition. The 433MHz RF modules are categorized as the lower cost, lower power consumption and the most important is when the longer the distance for data that transmit remains accurate when it received by the receiver. In theoretical, the success of data transmission is the amount of data received will be same as the data that have been sent. That core there are no data losses when the transmission occurred.\r\nRadio Frequency (RF) is a rate in the range of around at 3 kHz to 300GHz which is corresponding to the frequency of radio waves, and the alternate current that can carry the radio signals. ITU standstill for International Telecommunication Union that defined for the electromagnetic frequencies that used for radar and radio. The best set of price for frequencies used in communication. While the very utmost bands have no radar applications. The table below s hows the frequency range and ITU band.\r\nThe Arduino Pro is a microcontroller shape up based on the ATmega328. This microcontroller is an open-source hardware and software. The cross-fileing that used in this project is 3.3V/8MHz. This version can be powered by a shelling or external power supply. It has 14 digital commentarys and output pins which is 6 of it can be used as PWM output, another 6 pins for the analog input, shelling power jack, an ICSP pass and reset button. Arduino Pro inescapably to connect with FTDI cable through six pins header to provide the USB power and have a communication with the age. Arduino Pro has the port for 3.3V that can supply the potential difference for the transceiver.\r\n each(prenominal) of the 14 digital pins on the Arduino Pro can be used as an input and output which is unraveld at 3.3V. Each of the pins can provide or receive a maximum of 40mA and has subjective pull-up resistor (disconnect by default) of 20 until 50 kohm. The ATm ega328 has 32KB and running 8MHz of the external resonator. It also has 2KB of SRAM and 1KB of EEPROM that can guide and written with the EEPROM library.\r\nThe operation of the Arduino microcontroller is based on the connection made on the pins. The application can be done by using the Arduino software where Arduino function can be edited according to the applications in this software. This software can work on by using the C or C++ language.\r\nThe programme that has been creating the need to upload to the microcontroller by using the USB cable. If there is an error detected on the program, it will be adjusted by editing to make a correction on the process and therefore the program needs to reload again. Other than that, there is another option which is using the reset button to score out all the previous program that have been upload before this to make it clear then built again.\r\nMHz RF Module version that has been used. It is because can operates in the unlicensed ISM (In dustry Science and Medicine) radio band. It’s available for use in the gimcrack area for short-range wireless networks of sensors. This types can operate on the 433MHz frequency and can capable of transmitting at up to 100mW and up to 300kbps. When increasing the transmit power and reducing the data rate it can maximize the range of the 433MHz.\r\nDHT11 is a digital temperature and humidity sensor. Its suitable for my project that only needs to read the data about the temperature and humidity only. Micro-B is the smallest USB connector type. This type also used for the android as a cable for charging while USB port A is that can connect to PC or laptop. This USB cable needs to connect the RF transceiver module with the Arduino Pro at the transmitter and receiver.\r\nUsing this board because the standard FTDI board cannot supply the enough current to run the RFM69 433MHz RF Modules. The difference between standard FTDI and Beefy 3 FTDI is the current that can provide which is standard FTDI provide 50mA while Beefy 3 FTDI provides up to 500mA.\r\nThis chapter will be discussed the procedures and steps that used in this project. Each of the methods that were used to achieve this project will be stated and explain briefly. The purpose of the methodology is used to achieve the objective that has been stated.\r\n3.1 Software Design\r\nIn this part, the software design is part to do the computer programming by using the Arduino software. The work of the data transmission starting from the reading of the temperature and humidity by using the DHT11 sensor. Then, the data will be processed by a microcontroller. It will be sent through the transmission of data by using the 433MHz RF transmitter module. When the power supply is turned on, the 433MHz RF receiver module and the microcontroller ready to accept the data that have been transmitted. After that, the data is sent by the Arduino microcontroller via a serial port to the computer for displaying the data. ground on var. 1 and Figure 2 it showed the flow how it works.\r\nHardware design consists of two split which are from here it will be explained how the flow of the project will be complete. For the first part as shown in Figure 3.3 is the data perplex from the DHT11 sensor reading, then the data will be transmitted by the 433MHz RF transmitter modules. While for the second part as shown in Figure 3.4 is the data received via 433MHz RF receiver modules then sent by the Arduino PRO that connected to a computer for display.\r\nThe generated data for this project should be the same with the theoretical results. Besides that, the results of this project will be compared with the theoretical results, the journals or book that have been found.\r\n'