Health and Socail P1 Essay

P1 Explain potential hazards and the harm that may arise from exclusively in a wellness or societal wangle orbit Relating to the physical environmentThe physical environment is everything that is around you, this each toldows 1. The building2. The channelize3. The temperature4. Objects5. People6. PetsThe physical environment has a huge impact on the supplys and case-by-cases well- cosmos. The spread of Airborne transmittances atomic number 18 increased when the ventilation is poor, airborne infections frequently(prenominal) as colds and influenza, so it is important to drive fresh air circulate at on the whole times in a wellness and sociable bring off setting, especi completelyy in elderly homes as fourth-year heap t ending to catch things more easily as do younger pincerren. Individuals should never be in a draught and should al ways be warm adequate. Older plurality, babies and batch with disabilities find it harder to note their body at an adequate temperature you should invariably cater to their demands.Fumes and smoke shouldnt bemire the air that should be clean. The ventilation should remove stale air and bear air movement. alone the rooms in the environment should have aboriginal heating each should be able to be controlled to the specific temperature the individual wants.The punk in each room should be graphic enough and in a position for the individuals in the environment to read and enrol in other activities. Emergency lighting should likewise be in place in case a light breaks or galvanic problems occur it should come on if in that location is a power failure. When the lighting is poor is fundament excite numerous problems and is crazy to those who argon in that setting, it will affect those with a vision impairment, with people that have limit vision you should make sure that they argon in a well-lit argona.EquipmentHazards from equipment could admit* Untidiness e.g. toys, equipment left in corridors on stairs or block fire exits. * Poor chief(prenominal)tenance, e.g. frayed wiring or broken equipment * grave practice, e.g. overload sockets or trailing flexes * Lack of awargonness of hazards, e.g. hot surfaces or moving parts All equipment must work and function the right way it must be full brinytained at all times. This could include fire fighting equipment, hoists and medical diagnostic equipment much(prenominal) as electrocardiogram or x-ray machines, it is very important that these argon checked on a regular basis for any faults be possess the individual could be wrong diagnosed. Com mystifyers and laptops now play as an important role in the anxiety industry as they do in any other facial expression of work. If they ar positioned in an awkward place the individual stomach concede from inventory injuries, they depose strain their vision if they have too more than exposure to the screen, and incorrect sitting target organise to have it off strain and cov er version pains. Anything they use up should be in reach or this can cause them to overstretch and this could cause a fall.InfectionsYou should constantly fol unkept policies and procedures that are put in place they are they to keep you and others around you refuge. If you do non follow them you could cause unnecessary harm to you, your colleagues or individuals in your work place. Babies and older people are at a much greater risk of complications if they catch food borne infections, the incidence of MRSA in hospitals has highlighted the potentially devastating come outcomes and effects of poor whatsoeveroneal hygiene practices and over-prescription of antibiotics. On the bailiwick statistics website it shows that the number of closings linked to MRSA in the UK from 1993 to 2006 rose to 1,625. nevertheless on the death certificates that mentioned it declined, and thence in 2008 at that place was a fall of 23%. If the bacteria are on the skin then they can spread by to uch, if it is in the nose or lungs then it can be passed on by droplet spread, by breathing or coughing over someone. But if the person is healthy then when they leave hospital it can righteous disappear, this app duplicitys for people living with them if they are healthy special precautions dont need to be out inplace. If it gets into the bloodstream through a wound then it can cause serious illness such as1. Bone marrow infection2. Blood poisoning3. dirty shock4. Septic arthritis5. Meningitis6. Abscesses anywhere within the body7. Infection of the eye lining8. PneumoniaSubstancesThe crazy redundance does non stop after disposing of it as if his disposal of hazardous waste is not correct it could damage the health of all in the environment if not disposed of at all it can lead to infection and a spread of infection besides. So when dealing with waste especially hazardous you has to make sure you declare of it correctly.Type of waste fortune How to dispose of the waste Sha rps (needles or syringes) Risk of getting an infection off a dirty needle All dirty needles must be out in a chicken box it can be small or large, it must be shut once its at its limit and it will not open once it has been closed. Clinical dressings Infection can occur mustiness be placed in a yellow box which must be sealed with arrangements of the collection. Body fluid (blood, urine, faeces, vomit. A risk of infection When cleaning up any of the waste you have to ensure gloves are worn it must be flushed down the toilet and then the toilet must be disinfected and if it was on the floor, disinfect where the waste was. ill-gotten linen Another risk of infection They must be out in the special laundry bags which disintegrate when being washed.There are a number of substances used in health and social give burster settings that are hazardous if misused. Cleaning fluids, medications and x-rays are all eccentrics of substances found in health and social direction settings . Chemicals can cause burns to the throat and oesophagus if swallowed by accident. Care should be restrainn at all times when administrating medication as it could be given to the wrong person which could lead to them suffering, or something as simple as the wrong paneling. This flake of mistake can have a devastating result for example in 2005 2 nurses miscalculated the dose of a drug needed to die aside down a baby boys heart rate. He was given 10x the dose and he died.Hazardous operative conditionsWorking conditions are aspects of your job, the hours that you work, the staffing levels and the staff relations. in time though we have tried to improve in the quality of health and social wish well as a result of regular inspections at that place are be quiet with staff turnover and staff shortages this can lead to the staff rushing what they are doing with results in them ignoring the policies and procedures, this can lead to a risk of injury or accidents.Pay rates are low for early years workers and health and social solicitude assistants, they are oftentimes only paid the minimum wage this can make people feel undervalued and make them less probably to follow policies and procedures.When there are staff shortages it can cause staff to be expected to do overtime, being a care worker or being in care work is physically and mentally demanding and too much of it is standardisedly to cause staff to not perform to the best of their abilities, the more trite the staff are the more likely they are to make mistakes like miscalculating medication does, they will be less grand which could lead to them missing a sign that someone is ill. Stress is another reason of staff shortages, stress can be shown in many different ways people suffer from anxiety, sleep problems, digestive disorders, high blood pressure, and snappishness swings. None of these are ingenuous for a member of staff to be suffering with, it can lead to all sorts of problems in the healt h and social care setting. The vacancy rates for health and social care are higher than any other employment sectors in England, many care homes cannot recruit sufficient staff, and the shortages of staff havean impact of the quality of care given to those in the environment.Hazardous working practicesThe jobs you do when caring for people are called working practices. They include 1. Moving and handling2. Preparing food3. changing nappies4. Giving injections/supervising5. Giving injections6. Supervising individuals with challenging behaviourYou should always follow the procedures correctly because if you do not you can out yourself and others at harm. Care workers still suffer injuries related to moving people they care for even despite the manual handling regulations 1992. It was reported in 2003 that 80,000 nurses move back injuries at work each year, one third of all reported accidents involve moving and handling. The main hazards with moving and handling are that the handler may slip or trip over, stand in an awkward position, twist and overstretch, this can cause the handler to have neck or back pain, it can cause strain, and sprain or they could fissure a bone this could happen to either the handler or individual. They could end up with a permanent disability.Hazardous security systemsSecurity systems are to keep staff and individuals safe from intruders, security systems are fitted in well-nigh health and social care settings. Residential homes normally keep the main door locked and only the people there have special keys and there family, or you have to buzz to get in. although this is a good thing, it could also be a bad thing as in fires it could waste time that could possibly save lives. All confidential information astir(predicate) the residents is withheld on the computer system and should be password protected all the filing cabinets should also be kept locked at all times. share 2.Residential careThere are different types of residential ca re homes, those for the older generation, people with disabilities and children who are looked after. In each of these settings health and gumshoe has to taken extremely seriously, the carers have to make sure that the residents can unhorse in a fire, they have to make sure they are not putting one another in danger and that infections do not spread. It is important that the residents are informed about keeping themselves and others safe. In some of the residential homes the residents can come and go as they please alone in a place where there may be fiddling children or people that are confused that would not be allowed. They could put themselves in danger of getting ran over or hurt themselves. In winter time or in the colder weather, if they cannot find their way back or they dont want to go back they could suffer hypothermia.Child minderSettings where there are children should be very safe. microscopical children are curious and want to see and touch everything, they put t hings into their mouths lie toys or objects, this can cause them to choke or if they swallow a liquid such as a cleaning detergent they could be poisoned. They could open a gate and go wandering, cupboards, drawers could be loose which have poisonous substances in them, and they could climb and get stuck or distressed. When working in a preschool setting you have to be constantly keen-sighted and always alert and on the lookout for anything dangerous. Staffs is responsible for all activities the children take part in and therefore have to ensure that they are safe and not hazardous.Public environmentMost jets are away from lively roads but there are a some which arent, in his case there is a danger of the child scuttle the gate and running out intothe road, you have to watch your child at all times to ensure the safety of him/her. You also have to be vigilant of those in the park also, as there could be larger children which could run into the child. Also if there is a skate p ark where the older children and teenagers chill you have to be careful for any empty fruitcake bottles, also if older people are unsteady on their feet this can create a hazard for them. Sometimes people like to ruin the park equipment and leave it in a dangerous state if you are looking after a child you should always check the park equipment before allowing your child on, this can easily stop an accident which may have happened. You may also have to asses if the child is age appropriate, if not you shouldnt let the child on it in case of an injury, position do have an impact absorbing floor normally which cushions the childs fall, but accidents can still happen and you should always keep a close eye on your child. Some parks are frequented by drug absubstance abusers they may leave needles on the ground which would be extremely harmful to young children, so it would be a good thought process to scan the ground. Dog owners tend to bye their tracks in the parks, chase faeces is a threat to children. There is such thing as toxicara which is a roundworm that can be present in dog faeces this can potentially result in total cecity in one or both eyes. Parks are an idea place to take children to allow them to get some exercise and socialize with other children.Section 3* Those receiving care, link to an older person and a young childYoung children are unable to recognize hazards themselves, their coordination is still developing. If substances are left lying around the child could get adhesive friction of them, this could lead to devastating consequences or even fatal, the child could be poisoned. You should always put locks on drawers and cupboards to ensure the children cannot get hold of hazardous substances. If things are left lying around such as toys a child could get hold of it and put it into their mouths if it too small or a toy is broken the child could choke. An older person could walk into things if they have limited vision or the lights are n ot bright enough. You should always make sure thatthe care setting is suitable and fits the residents needs. The main doors should always be locked in case there are residents who are confused, they may try to leave. An older person can be harmed if they need to be lifted into a bath or onto a bang, care should be taken when handling individuals and procedures should always be followed correctly.Workers in a settingWorkers sometimes come across Violent service users, this can put them at harm and they can be hurt. They could potentially interrupt a bone. There may be faulty equipment which could be hazardous to the service provider as if they are lifting a service user and the equipment is broken the whole weight could be out on them and themselves and the individual could hurt themselves. If there is a shortage of staff and it is very busy the workers could feel stressed, stress can cause them to have anxiety and overlook of sleep. If a member staff has had lack of sleep this wi ll cause them to feel tired and they may not be als alert as they should be which can cause harm to themselves and the individual. If there are staff shortages tsome members of staff will be asked to work overtime, this can cause them to feel tired which again means that are not as vigilant as they would be.Support staff (eg caterers, cleaners, administrative),Cleaners are at a risk of being harmed by hazardous waste, if someone has foul there bed sheets the cleaners have to take the sheets off the bed and put it into the wash, they come into contact with it which means germs can be passed. They also have to clean after someone has been sick again they can catch a bug or become unwell. Cleaners have to dispose of used dressing and needles they could catch an infection if they come into with them.* Visitors (eg relatives, friends, volunteers)Visitors need to be signed in and out in case of fires, if there was a fire and they are not signed in no one would know that they are there an d they could at risk of being trapped in the building. Visitors are also at risk of maculation infections or any bugs that are going around within the care setting. They should be informed of any infections before they visit. *

Cellular Tower Proliferation In The United States Essay

The Cellular tugboat proliferation in the United States article talks about the growth and growing of cellular confabulation over the years. The article looks at how the current take shape of this communication came to be with a review of the stages the process has underg unrivalled and only(a). The article reviews the results of the deal for wireless communication where there has been an increase in infrastructure to ease the similar. Though erected with the right intention in mind, the article reviews how the same has not gone well as expected (Wilke, 45-62). The rise of m all structures to life the cellular communication has led to a dramatic change in the landscape all over America. This has in return generated reactions from various groups. Objections atomic number 18 one of the reactions. The same are from members of the community, various interest groups and regulatory boards. The reasons for objections depart from those who complain about the visual impacts of the erected infrastructure to the perceived risks associated from the same structures existence within human residential areas. The proximity of such infrastructure is perceived to have ostracize health effects. The article finishes by reviewing the steps taken to mitigate the negative effects emanating from cellular communication with examples such as infrastructure modification to fit with the environment to maintain the visual collection (Wilke, 45-62).Analysing the article, one calculates that is a great eye opener to the effect of engineering science in the nightclub. As an individual, one is able to appreciate how far populace has come in terms of culture. For this slip-up, the rise and improvement in communication networks has benefited the society. The historical analysis of how communication networks have come to be gives one the opportunity to associate with this technology and appreciate the work put into it. By doing this, a clear image is painted to the author wh ere the article acts as a source of information in this case on cellular technology. As one covers the different issues in the article, one is able to appreciate that though the society demands the existence of some amenities such as communication structures as identified, the existence of the same and impact cannot be ignored. The society may invent such amenities for the day to day consumption but are not willing to live with the consequences, especially the negative ones. The highlight of the presence of communication towers and subsequent change of the landscape serves as an appropriate example. It shows the never ending conflict between humanity and his inventions. However, one feels that more examples would have been fit to shed more light on the impact of the technologies with the development in cellular communication acting as the illustration of what is happening to the society. In showing the various mitigating strategies used in combating the negative effects of the cell ular communication infrastructure, one is able to discover the need for a thorough understanding and deep analysis of any form of invention before introducing it to the society. A personal take is that experiments and studies should be done in such a way that in case problems arise with the inventions, quick steps are taken to combat the same.The article provokes one to question the presence of other inventions whose impact has been profound aside from the example given such as the cellular infrastructure. The article as well as makes one question the impact of the same form of technological onward motion in this case the cellular infrastructures in other parts of the human apart from America. One cannot help but think of the impact of the same on a global scale and what is in for mankind if development in the same area continues with the same trend.ReferencesWilke, Thomas A. CELLULAR hulk PROLIFERATIONIN THE UNITED STATES.The Geographical Review92.1 (2002) 45-62. Print.Source document

Little Miss Sunshine Film Analysis

The film Little Miss sunshine, Directed by Jonathan Dayton and Valerie Farris, explores the lives of a regular American family and how they change their lives in front of us in the Combie van on the road to the Little Miss blitheness beauty pageant. The film examines the issues of attractive and losing, and what it means to be a winner, passim many a(prenominal) episodes in the film as well as exploring the apprise of family.The handlers and the cinematic team single-valued function an extreme range of tv camera proficiencys, costuming, and live techniques to reshape our understanding of winning and losing in the dry land we live in today. Firstly the directors and their team use a variety of contrastive camera techniques to shape our view on the characters, and ultimately change our view in the area. In the opening sequence each character is introduced using different camera shots. For example Olives father is send-off communicate to the audience as a success.There i s a sequence of close ups and mid(prenominal) ranged shots which show Richard confidently speaking in a spotlight at the front of the room. However the cinematic team then use a cut to a point of view shot of what Richard sees when he has terminate talking, which allows us to then see how much of a failure he really is, as there is only five, half asleep, bored deal in the room and only one person applauds Richards work. This first sequence allows us to see that Richard acts and feels like a winner to himself, but when he is seen with the rest of the world he is failure and a loser.The directors have use this sequence to shape our understanding of winning and losing as it employs the idea that winning and losing is based on comparing yourself to the rest of the world, instead of being on how you feel and view yourself. Secondly the costuming used in the film has a big effect on shaping our view on the characters and their vista in the movie world. The characters in the Hoover fam ily atomic number 18 costumed as a very average family. Throughout the movie the Hoover family is suggested to be positioned at the lower end of the economic wealth scale.However this is most frank when Olive finally reaches the Little Miss Sunshine competition. When all the competitors are introduced on stage we see Olive is far out of pop out just through her basic average costuming, compared to the other girls who are garmented like little Barbie dolls, with glittery clothes and excessive make up. notwithstanding though Olive is out of place and obviously doesnt rifle in the competition, she still reflects Grandpas view on classifying winners and losers which was introduced in advance he died. Grandpa believes that a real loser is someone who is so afraid of not winning they dont even try.Through the costuming and Olives actions the directors constitute that view of winning and losing into the audience, which then reflects on our world today, as we impoverishment to show more support, not for the winners of a competition, but the courage tribe have developed to enter a competition. The Final key technique which is employed by the cinematic team of Little Miss Sunshine is the use of get going. Throughout the film there is an evident mixture of diegetic and non-diegetic sounds. In the scene were Frank and Dwayne are out on the pier, starts with a non-diegetic parting over from the Little Miss Sunshine pageant saying America, its so beautiful.These words introduce the scene as the diegetic sounds of spirit at the beach take over and remind us of records healing presence as we then see the first real bonding between Frank and Dwayne. The directors have chosen to use these sound techniques to help the audience feel the repairing sense of nature as they start to learnt the value of family with frank and Dwayne. The value of family which is also reflected on our world is that no matter how much we try and push them away they pull up stakes always be there when we need, and thats the true value of family shown throughout the film.The film Little Miss Sunshine, Directed by Jonathan Dayton and Valerie Farris, explores the lives of a regular American family to portray key values which should be inherited by our society. The film analyses the concepts of winning and losing, and what it means to be a winner, throughout many sequences in the film as well as exploring the value of family. The director and the cinematic team use an extreme range of camera techniques, costuming, and sound techniques to help the storyline shape our understanding of winning and losing in the world we live in today. Adrian Pace, Year 11 Word Count- 795

Eyewitness Testimony Essay

The whitlow justice constitutions in Australia and passim the world rely on bear witness to prosecute persons mistrustfuled of a crime. Previously, sorry investigators relied upon smasher distinguishs for their investigations though psychological look into shows that witness affidavit is not always consummate and should not be apply in the criminal justice system as a sole interchange of separate (Sangero & Halpert, 2007). Numerous research papers and articles deem cauti integrityd the use of witness recommendation collect to many object lessons solely basing their verdict from this register. In dismay of deoxyribonucleic acid evidence, many blameed of a criminal offence have been judge of their sentences. The use of acknowledgment tests found in numerous papers clarifies why witness testimonial suffer be inaccurate and unreliable. Experiments made end-to-end the years testing witness accounts delve into cistrons associating event characteristics, witne ss characteristics and intent characteristics and how they contribute to the retrieval of information from an eyewitness.These factors clarify as to why witness testimony should not be use solely as evidence in the criminal justice system but instead other constituent in identifying the person of take in a criminal investigation. In 1992 a non for profit organisation was formed to garter those confidence gameed and sentenced to a crime they did not commit. The Innocence Project was formed by Barry C. Scheck and woodpecker J. Neufeld in affiliation with Cardozo school of law at Yeshiva University to help exonerate those found guilty via DNA testing ( gum benjamin N. Cardozo School of righteousness at Yeshiva University, 1997). accord to The Innocence Project, 75% of eyewitness testimony which were used to convict suspected criminals in the United States of America was foolish in light of DNA testing. In one such case in New Zealand, a man named David Dougherty was found guil ty of bollix up and abduction of a little girl who pleaded against him in the court of law as being the man that raped her (Cleave & Gower, 2012).Mr Dougherty was acquitted of the 1992 rape in 1997 due to the fact that safes finally think that thither was insufficient DNA evidence to parent beyond a doubtthat he was the perpetrator (Fairfax NZ News, 2009). Although DNA evidence exonerated Mr Dougherty of the crime, many believed he was the perpetrator due to the eyewitness testimony, and expert opinions were clouded due to the publicity of this case. It was only until an overseas expert testified in favour of Mr Dougherty that he was acquitted (Fairfax NZ News, 2009). This case shows the errors made by the victim/eyewitness and how certain she was of the suspect and The Innocence Project has proved that eyewitness testimony is often erroneous. It has been widely documented throughout the decades that mistaken identifications were involved in the bulk of cases examined by psych ological researchers (Penrod, 2005).Research has suggested that during a police investigation, eyewitnesses would some convictions be subject to view more than than one line-up to help identify a suspect (Palmer, Brewer, & Weber, 2010). Early research has cited that more viewings of potential suspects should theoretically improve the accuracy of the eyewitness choosing the offender (Penrod, 2005). fountainhead-nigh recent research has found that multiple line-ups can impair posterior identification accuracy and then(prenominal) concluding that the more line-ups an eyewitness goes through, the more room for error in choosing the subject in question (Palmer, Brewer, & Weber, 2010). This culture focused on post-identification feedback and separated their study into two main areas positivist feedback and disconfirming feedback to see whether these would affect how the eyewitness will proceed with concomitant line-ups. According to Palmer, Brewer and Weber,Only witnesses who re ceived feedback after an sign ripe rejection performed at a level comparable with a single- lineup control group, suggesting that an initial identification test can impair, but not enhance, performance on a second test involving the akin culprit (Palmer, Brewer, & Weber, 2010).It is suggested within this research that criminal investigations avoid using multiple line-ups to ensure that more inculpable persons of interest are not convicted due to erroneous eyewitness accuracy. In Addition to this research it has as well as been found that eyewitness errors amplify when persons of interest are chosen out of a photo display quite an than an actual lineup(Lindsay & Wells, Improving eyewitness Identifications From postings Simultaneous Versus back-to-back Lineup Presentation, 1985). These errors are believed to have something to do with the person administrating the lineups or photo arrays (Wells, Rydell, & Seelau, 1993) whence manipulating the eyewitness choices in identifying a suspect within a lineup and subsequent lineups (Phillips, McAuliff, Kovera, & Cutler, 1999) as previously found. This error is resolved easily by appointing someone to administer lineups or photo arrays that do not acknowledge who the suspect may be (Wells & Bradfeild, 1998).Furthermore, research has found that the longer the time interval between the event and eyewitness account, the likely it is that the eyewitness account will be erroneous (Loftus, Miller, & Burns, 1978). Another factor relating to event characteristics is that of outdo. many studies have shown that distance between the eyewitness and the betoken (suspect) will have an impact on memory recollection and nervus facialis recognition (Lindsay, Semmler, Weber, Brewer, & Lindsay, 2008). In one such experiment, it was concluded that eyewitness recognition deteriorated as the distance between them and the target increased (Wagenaar & van der Schrier, 1996). In most eyewitness testimony, it is up to the eyewitness to mobilize the distance between them and the target. Previously, the courts relied upon the 15 clock time rule the optimal viewing distance for an eyewitness (Wagenaar & van der Schrier, 1996).Lindsay et al. (2008) suggested to the courts that rather than relying on the 15 metre rule, in general, identifications will decrease with an increase in distance hence it is up to the courts to decide whether the eyewitness accounts are credible or not. Eyewitness characteristics also factor in to the preaching of how reliable eyewitness testimony is in the criminal justice system. According to a research study by Wells & Olsen (2003), gender has really little to do with how well females perform to males in terms of eyewitness identification, although both genders differ in how they view the event/scene. The age of a witness has a major impact on eyewitness identification as children and the elderly were found to perform poorly in similarity to young adults when experiments were conduc ted (Wells & Olson, 2003). Another factor included into the eyewitness characteristics is that of range. It has been well investigated and concluded that people are better at identifying facial features of their own race than those of other races (Meissner & Brigham, 2001).This data is useful for those areasin which are culturally the same but for multicultural locations, namely Australia it would have little significance the testimony could not be verified unless there was other incriminating evidence against the suspect. One suppressor of facial recognition is that of a ordnance. A weapon is believed to reduce the ability of an eyewitness to correctly identify a suspect due to the attention been drawn from the perpetrators face towards the weapon/object (Steblay, 1992). In the court of law, this aspect of whether the eyewitness paid much attention to facial features to be able to correctly identify a suspect becomes fair of an issue. Eyewitness testimony is self-report and can not be checked or cross indite with other facts as it is purely psychological and based on how well the eyewitness believes they have retained sufficient facial recognition (Wells & Quinlivan, 2009). The sanction and certainty of an eyewitness has been frequently admissible in the criminal courts and the criminal justice system has previously relied upon the eyewitness assessing his/her own psychological capabilities.This has been thoroughly researches as being certainty verse accuracy (Wells & Quinlivan, 2009). In the majority of the research conducted testing this, it has been found that the eyewitness certainty has a reserve relationship with accuracy (Penrod, 2005) therefore the criminal justice system cannot prove whether the eyewitness testimony is mistaken or correct. Finally there is the factor of target characteristics. As previously stated, facial recognition is more accurate when of the same race. Another factor though is that of distinctiveness and whether the target (suspect) has a recognizable face. It has been research that very attractive or very ugly targets are easier to recognize than average looking faces (Wells & Olson, 2003). Changes in facial characteristics also play a role in whether an eyewitness can recall what they saw. Changes in the face that are of natural occurrence, such as hairstyle, and disguises can dramatically affect recognition(Wells & Olson, 2003).In terms of whether these types of eyewitness accounts are to be used in the criminal justice system is simple as a suspect should not be convicted solely on eyewitness testimony but be used as a preference with other evidence which may incriminate the person of interest (Sangero & Halpert, 2007). mental research shows that eyewitness testimony is not always accurate therefore it should not be used in the criminal justicesystem solely as a piece of evidence. To be able to convict and sentence a suspect, in the interest of the courts other evidence mustiness substantiate such claims of guilt. Factors such as event characteristics, eyewitness characteristics and target characteristics explained in this paper show that eyewitness testimony cannot be used as reliable evidence. The studies in this paper clearly show that if there is a reasonable doubt in eyewitness testimony then it should not be used as a basis to convict a person of a crime but rather used as a constituent for further investigations of a suspect.List of ReferencesBenjamin N. Cardozo School of Law at Yeshiva University. (1997). The Innocence Project. Retrieved July 14, 2012, from http//www.innocenceproject.org/about/ Cleave, L., & Gower, P. (2012). 10 Years of Guilt over for rape victim. (N. Herald, Editor) Retrieved July 14, 2012, from http//www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=3504996 Fairfax NZ News. (2009, serve 07). Falsely imprisoned David Doughertys story. Retrieved July 14, 2012, from http//www.stuff.co.nz/sunday-star-times/features/1387410/Falsely-imprisoned -David-Doughertys-story Lindsay, R., & Wells, G. L. (1985). Improving Eyewitness Identifications From Lineups Simultaneous Versus Sequential Lineup Presentation. Journal of Applied Psychology, 70(3), 556-564. Lindsay, R., Semmler, C., Weber, N., Brewer, N., & Lindsay, M. R. (2008). How Variations in Distance Affect Eyewitness Reports and Identification Accuracy. Law and Human Behaviour, 32, 526-535. Loftus, E. F., Miller, D. C., & Burns, H. J. (1978). Semantic Integration of Verbal selective information Into Visual Memory. Journal of Experimental Psychology Human Learning and Memory, 4, 19-31. Meissner, C., & Brigham, J. C. (2001). 30 years of investigating the own-race bias in memory for faces meta-analytic review. Psychology, Public policy and Law, 7(1), 3-35. Palmer, M. A., Brewer, N., & Weber, N. (2010). Postidentification Feedback Affects Subsequent Eyewitness Identification Performance. Journal of Experimental Psychology Applied, 16(4), 387-398. Penrod, S. (2005). Eyewitnes s. In L. E. Sullivan, M. R.

A Critique of Frye’s, Jordan’s, and Miller’s Feminist Theories Essay

Marilyn Fryes feminist guess is based on a mix of art and philosophy as well as a postureation of her own ideas in the context of the knowledge base. Fryes theory stresses among other things, the fact that the power of feminism is embedded in the ability of making wo workforces lives and their experiences understood by a vast legal age of the people (Frye, 1983). On the other hand, Jordans feminist theory lays dialect on the cleaning womans self with reference to her comparative wellbeing (Jordan, 1991).Closely relate to this, Millers theory is based on the view that there is need to extension wo workforces experiences and make the world understand them better. Thus, Miller suggests that in order to understand wo manpower, there is need to understand their lives and values (Miller, 1987 Davis, 1999). This paper will examine and appraise the said(prenominal) theories and draw a conclusion based on the flaws or incongruence visualized by the theories, and will therefrom s uggest whether the theories mountain be use together or as enjoin entities. Fryes Feminist possiblenessFrye affirms that in order to understand women fully, that is in terms of their feelings, motivations, ambitions and how they argon in all likelihood to react to different situations, there is need to understand their driving forces, which ar the determining factors in various responses (Frye, 1983). Fryes feminist theory thus presents an attempt to explain the forces and how they apply to different women. While it may be true that there atomic number 18 deciding forces behind every womans response to different situations, it is also evident that the forces can non be canvass conclusively.This viewpoint is instigated by the fact that women live in different conditions, and these conditions are potential to affect how they react to different circumstances. Thus, a generalization cannot be used to describe womens attitudes. In view of excite and sexuality, Frye notes that sex roles have inhibited men and women from being in charge of their choices since the activities have-to doe with in sex are already predetermined (Hoagland & Frye 2000). However, this supposition fails to address the sex drives involved among same-sex partners.Thus, even though Frye notes that women are sexually oppressed, it is ambitious to concur with the argument since sexual freedom has increased tremendously in the world everyplace the past few years. Fryes likening of women to a birdcage in which if one observes one wire of the cage, she or he is likely not to see the other wires present in the cage (Davis, 1999) presents an arouse point of discussion. This is true given that in there are instances when women are ignored, for example in restaurants when waiters expect men in company of women to contain the bills.This implies that oft attention is paid to men, who are perceived to be a superior sex. Jordans Feminist Theory This theory emphasizes the connections among di fferent aspects of womens lives, which are developed through affinityships. It dwells on factors such as sexism and heterosexism, which separate women and alienate them from the rest of the society, thus subjecting them to a lot of suffering (Jordan, 1991). In view of this, while it is true that women are more affected by issues that concern sex it is also imperative to note that such issues are not just limited to women.Concisely, men also suffer from issues link up to sex. Jordans theory also dwells on the self-condition of women in relation to their relational wellbeing. Jordan emphasizes that most Western psychological theories tend to point too much on the womans self rather than her relations with others (Jordan, 1997). along this line, Jordan asserts that men have subordinated women and view them as their subjects, thereby undermining womens relation capacity. This presumption has some substance with reference to how women were treated in the past.However, it may loose sign ificance in the contemporary world where women have taken more leadership positions and have better control of their undertakings. Jordan addresses desire by relating it to adolescent sexuality, noting that it arises from peoples integration with others and creation of relationships (Jordan, 1997). This is true in the context of what people commonly refer to as real beloved that develops between men and women through their continued association. On the other hand, since relationships commonly break, there is an indication of a flaw in Jordans theory.Nevertheless, Jordans point of challenging the tendency by men to be predominate over women (Jordan, 1991) stresses the need for equality between men and women. Millers Feminist Theory Miller focuses on the concern of mens domination over women and their tendency to subordinate them (Miller, 1987). She asserts that the propensity by men to be dominant over women causes conflict between the two sexes because men fail to understand wo men. Miller also notes that in dealing with conflict, women, who are usually the subordinates revert to overt conflict, a phenomenon that is prevalent in the present day (Miller, 1987).Miller therefore questions wherefore men should be dominant over women yet women have equal capabilities do what men can do. Millers feminist theory is important in addressing sex disparity in the world. It also supports women in having voices to do what pleases them irrespective of what men think about them. However, its flaw lies in the fact that it fails to address why men have higher propensity to be dominant over women and why women usually revert to overt conflict when dealing with men. close The feminist theories by Frye, Jordan and Miller all address issues that though not congruent are closely related.Fryes theory is centered on understanding women Jordans theory recognizes the womans self expense and the importance of womens participation in relations whereas Millers theory in centered o n understanding women and why men should not treat them as subordinates. All these issues are closely related since they address the status of women and their role in the society, which is paramount in eliminating injustices against them. therefore the theories should treated together to achieve the objective. References Davis, F. (1999).Moving the mountain The womens consummation in America since 1960 Chicago University of Illinois Press Frye, M. (1983). Politics of reality Essays on feminist theory. New York Ten Speed Press Frye, M. (1992). Willful thoroughgoing(a) Essays in Feminism, 1976-1992. New York The Crossing Press, Inc. Hoagland, S. L. & Frye M. (2000). Feminist interpretations of Mary Daly. Pennsylvania Penn secernate Press Jordan, J. (1991). Womens growth in connection New York Guilford Publications, Inc Jordan, J. (1997). Womens growth in diversity. New York Guilford Press Miller, J. (1987). Toward a new psychology of women. Boston, MA Beacon.

Mark Sexton and Todd Story

FIN 6130 Individual appellation ( grounds study) Case Study chicken feed Sexton and Todd Story, the owners of a manufacturing company discombobulate decided to expand their operations. They instructed you as their newly hired financial analyst to enlist an underwriter to help sell $35 million in new 10-year wedges to finance construction. You have entered into discussion with Kim McKenzie, an underwriter from the slopped of Raines and rabbit warren about which cohere touts your company should consider and what verifier regulate the cater go forth likely have.Although your Bosses be aw atomic number 18 of the amaze owns, they are not sure about the costs and benefits of some features e finickyly how they go away bear on the coupon yard of the adhesiveness completes. This is more so that your firm is not a publicly traded company. You have been asked to prepare a memo on the effect of each of the following hold features on the coupon roll of the stick. It is exp ected that you will emphasis on their perceived benefits. The draw issuer/the take overer/the bosses Mark Sexton and Todd Story bail foster $35 million Bond maturity 10 years Financing purpose constructionHired underwriter Kim McKenzie (Raines and Warren) .Case ceasevas Memos 1. The hostage of the bond- that is, whether the bond has a collateral. Secured bond is with collateral, whereby the issuer pledged specific additions in case of bankruptcy or unable to pay debt. A bond with collateral will have a lower coupon gait ( concern/return) and lower the aegiss risk just with high conviction ratings, which less likely it is to default. But the issuer need to ensure that the collateral is in good working order and cannot be sold until the bond is matured.Considering bond with collateral is secured investment to investors, during default, the investors whitethorn receive all or transgress of the collateral in the mensu run of debt unpaid. Collateralized bond is as well as m arketable to the lower-ranking market especially if it is a non-publicly traded or listed company recognized among investors. In term of outlining the specific security of collateral attached to a bond, its best to put clear guideline of what sort of asset worthy to be put as collateral and define veritable bump of how the assets value can be sum up to secure the bond maturity block. 2.The higher-rankingity of the bond In case of liquidation or bankruptcy, senior bond has higher priority to be paid first compared to another bond that is considered junior or the subordinated bonds. superior bond gets full payment in bankruptcy which its covenant may restrict the borrower from issuing any future bonds senior to the reliable bonds. A junior bonds security ranks lower than other bond securities in regard to the owners claims on assets and income if the issuer becomes insolvent. Bondholders of secured debt (with collateral) must be paid sooner the holders of unsecured debt.Bond holders of unsecured debt must be paid before favored shareholders, and finally, preferred shareholders must be satisfied before common shareholders. In general, a junior security entails greater risk but offers higher potential yields than securities with greater seniority. To be more appealing to investors, the bondholders should propose senior bond in able to offer lower coupon. 3. The bearing of a drop feeling fund Bond drop down fund is a restricted asset where the issuer is required to set aside money for redeeming grit or buying back some of its bond payable by deposited money with an independent trustee.Sinking fund is a partial guarantee to bondholders that will strangle the coupon gait. By having sinking fund, it allows the issuer to repay specific bonds value at a certain period or retire a portion of the bond every year until its matured. Its a great program but the issuer must be able to generate cash flows to kick in the interim payments into a sinking fund or else, face default. By having the presence of a sinking fund as collateral support of a bond, it promotes financial security which will attract investors to accept bond with lower interest rates.With the sinking fund, it will also gain benefits through taxation and enjoy nifty gain. It also secured a good management of long-term debt in advance. 4. A blazon out provision with specified conjure date stamps and gossip prices Adding provision to a bond with specific call date and prices will benefit the bond issuer more than the bondholder but it will definitely increase the coupon rate. adapted to repurchase bonds before maturity (or at a specified date according to provision) is called callable bond (or redeemable bond) at a special price (not obligated).Any future payment to the bondholder is immediately and indefinitely cancelled at a time the bond is called. Recalling a bond with lower the debt and is hence liberated from stipendiary interest on the called bond. Normally, the bond is called beca utilize the issuer no longer needs to borrow the money, or because interest rates have fallen and the issuer want to issue new bonds at a lower interest rate. In security purpose of long-term benefit with uncertain financial forecast, it is not relevant to issue call provision. 5. A deferred call accompanying the call provisionA bond with call provision accompany by a deferred call will actually prohibited from calling the bond before a certain date. It is call protected or Period of Call Protection during the period of time which the bond may not be prematurely deliver. During the call protected period (the cushion period), coupon rate payments are guaranteed but not later. After the call date, the bond may be redeemed by returning trail to the bondholder and ceased the coupon rate. The call provision accompanied by deferred call in a bond is to protect the bondholder from the go of interest rates before the call date.A deferred callable bond may demand a slightly higher coupon rate compared to a prevalent bond due to its callable feature as investors are exposed to the reinvestment risk assuming that the prevailing interest rates thusly is lower than the coupon paid by our bond on the callable date. 6. A make- firm call provision A bond with a make whole call (provision) allowing the issuer to pay off remaining debt early by making lump sump payment based on NPV (net gravel value) of future interest payments that will not be paid in cause of the call.This type of call should lower the coupon rate than the normal call provision with specific dates. Bondholders will receive the market value of the bond if it is a make whole provision which then they can reinvest in another bond with same criteria. The make whole call will be defined in the indenture. Normally, an issuer doesnt expect to have to use this type of provision, but if the issuer does, investors will be compensated, or made whole. Because the cost can often be signific ant, such provisions are rarely invoked.Hence, it is recommended that the bond issuance should not have a make-whole call provision. 7. Any verifying covenants. Discuss any overall positive covenants that your firm may consider. The presences of positive covenants (also called as affirmative covenant) protect bondholders by forcing the company to undertake actions that benefit bondholders. A positive covenant would reduce the coupon rate but will increase the trust of bondholders. For instance, it requires the issuer to cover the principal of the bond enough liquid assets must be maintained.More commonly, a positive covenant requires the issuer to have a certain amount of insurance or submit to periodic audits. 8. Any negative covenants. Discuss any overall negative covenants that your firm may consider. A negative covenant would reduce the coupon rate. Remember, the goal of a corporation is to maximize shareholder wealth. The presence of negative covenants protects bondholders fr om actions by the company that would harm the bondholders. This says nothing about bondholders. In example, the issuer cannot increase dividends, or at least increase dividends beyond a specified level.The downside of negative covenants is the restriction of the issuers actions. 9. A conversion feature The conversion feature is a financial derivative instrument that is determine separately from the underlying security. Therefore, an embedded conversion feature adds to the overall value of the security. The conversion feature would permit bondholders to benefit if the company does well and also goes public. Even though the company is not public, a conversion feature would likely lower the coupon rate.The downside is that the company may be selling equity at a discounted price. Convertible bond is an example of an asset that can undergo conversion. It gives the bondholder the option to exchange the bond for an amount (predetermined) of the bond issuers equity. Typically, the bondhol der will exercise the option when the total value of the shares authorized from conversion exceeds the bonds worth. 10. A floating rate coupon Floating rate coupon is a bond with floating coupon payments that are modify at specific intervals.It is all known as a protean rate bond which has a floating or variable rate interest, or coupon rate. The bond is payable to the bondholder upon demand following an interest rate change. The rate adjusts according to a predetermined formula outline in the bonds prospectus or official statement. Generally, the current money market rate is what is used to set the interest rate (plus or minus a set percentage). As a get out of this, the coupon payments can change over time. A floating rate coupon or variable rate bonds market values hesitate less than other bonds.

Weekly Routine

I am an engineer. My company is in Longtan comprehension Park. I live in Nan Kan. Its a piffling far from my company and I have to drive a railroad car to company every day. I get up at 700 a. m. and next I pass on try to wake my daughter up by and by ten minutes shower and set the television to cartoons in order to have her attention and it is painful to let her awaken during that time. I send my daughter to her kindergarten before I send my wife to the great deal stop to take bus to Taipei. Then I buy eat at McDonalds drive-through and finally get on he highway to company, its about 8 oclock usually.I arrive at company after 30 minutes drive. After a unretentive break to catch my breath, I wipe my desk firstly and turn on my computer to check the emails for a while. Second, I go pantry dwell to have a cup of coffee before the weekly skirmish at 10 oclock and in general, the meeting lead not finish until lunch time and it always depress me on Monday morning. I come back t o work at 130 after taking a lunch break and my work ends at 530 p. m.Then I go home and leave out a good time with my family except for Tuesday and Wednesday due to learning side in Trinity. I will turn on the air see to it as soon as I arrive home and then I hasten restroom to wash my daughters men and myself. My daughter starts to watch TV at 830 and its hard to extract her from it until 9 oclock. Later I have to review her lessons and it takes me half hour. Then I wheedle her into sleep and she falls asleep by 10 oclock. I have my sequestered time after she gets to sleep and ometimes I go internet and pull down time and I go to bed at 12 finally. nonchalant life is almost the same and unchangeable on weekdays but I live a life of diverseness on weekends. I will not get up until 10 oclock and after that I go brunch with my wife and daughter. We will tour by car or go for an outing somewhere to enjoy our holiday in the afternoon and then go to a restaurant to examine del icacies with family love and joy. I think I am the happiest father in the world as soon as I see the accomplish smiles of my daughter at that time.

Internet Mental Health Issues Essay

Mental health services conducted on the Internet slang been exposit as e-therapy, online counseling, e -mail therapy, Internet-based therapy, and similar terminology. Online therapy services may be fork upd as an adjunct to more than traditional forms of mental health treatment, or may be initiated without any offline contact between the therapist and client. Currently, t here(predicate) atomic number 18 a variety of websites providing links and information regarding online therapy. As I was narration about benefits and risks in using internet as a citation for mental health services, I realized that there atomic number 18 a lot of factors that make it a controversial issue.There ar more pro and con to its benefits. Some Pros are the convenience of a client, flexibility in scheduling, Anonymous and private, Access to those with physical disabilities emotionally safe milieu on of my biggest issues is making physical exertion of the time-delay (email) to work on issues. Appeal to those who are shy, uncomfortable with face-to-face treatment and make them feel more those who are shy more comfortable. Some disadvantages are Privacy, security and privilege can non be guaranteed, Lack of patient skills to use the Absence of face-to-face therapy relationship, Lack of behavioral cues may lead to problems in treatment and some importantly is Urgent, crises, or suicidal issues may non receive immediate and appropriate attention.I work in a Community clinic where we offer many treatments genius of them is therapy also. As I came across this assignment I ask iodine of our doctors what they entrustd. One of the doctors sends in miner cases it could be useful as large as is a well program with credentials and the issues are not really serious. At this time we are transitioning from paper charts to computers so most of the time there sitting in front of the computer type away while the patient is speaking.It made me realized that in a way internet and me ntal services are becoming more and more essential for eachother. When I was reading the website for American psychological Association it provided me the ethics they have to fallow when they provide service reality advice or comment via print, Internet or other electronic transmission, they purpose precautions to ensure that statements (1) are based on their professional knowledge, training or experience in accord with appropriate psychological literature and invest (2) are otherwise consistent with this Ethics enactment and (3) do not indicate that a professional relationship has been established with the recipient.I count in conclusion we could benefit from these services as long as we are really aware that they are legit and trustworthy. In my case I believe sometimes I could benefit from therapy but simply have no time. One of the reasons I choose online schooling. Definitely I would use these services and give it a try. There are programs offer here in calcium that can hel p you as a work to search for help. The Board of Behavioral Sciences (BBS) would like to make the following recommendations to California consumers who choose to seek therapy or counseling over the Internet.Individuals, who provide psychotherapy or counseling, either in person, by telephone, or over the Internet, are compulsory by law to be licensed. Licensing requirements vary by state. Individuals who provide psychotherapy or counseling to persons in California are required to be licensed in California. Such licensure permits the consumer to pursue recourse against the licensee should the consumer believe that the licensee engaged in unprofessional conduct.References1. National Association of Social Workers codification of Ethics Retrieved From https//www.socialworkers.org/pubs/code/default.asp2. American Psychological Association Ethical Principles of Psychologists and Code of Conduct Retrieved From http//www.apa.org/ethics/code/index.aspx3. The Branch Journal of Psychiatry Dr. put-on Powell Internet information-seeking in mental health Sept 2006 retrieved from http//bjp.rcpsych.org/content/189/3/273.short4. Department of Consumer Affairs Board of Behavioral Sciences ConsumerInformation Regarding Online Psychotherapy Retrieved From http//www.bbs.ca.gov/consumer/consumer_psych_online.shtml

Do Young People Today Make Good Use of Their Leisure Time?

Leisure time can be well spent in many different ways. One popular option among the new person is playing video games and watching television. While other activities like sports,social convocation and reading be available to them,many people feel that they spend alike much time on these indoor games and screens and prefer them to be much active. In this essay,I will discuss my view on the issue to suit positive results out of free time. Nowadays, younger generation has greater choices of vacuous facilities than previous one. Among much(prenominal) facilities are television and video games.Some social experts and families are concerned about health of teenage overindulge on these activities. This is support by round reports that sitting too long in precedent of television could lead to problems of eyes and back. On the other hand, some health check experts believe that some video games can improve the dexterity of the pretender and this could help his or her future care er like operating renovate or pilot. In addition, watching television extends young audience testify about what happens around locally as well as globally. tie in article How Teenagers Spend Their TimeThat would enhance teenagers inquisitive mind and encourage them to keep eyes on challenging local and international issues. While such benefit is welcomed, there also are dangers of exposing them to violence, crimes and explicit scenes on some television series which can have negative impact on younger personalities. Alternatively, there are many activities which have positive results in term of social, physical and educational values. For example, walking, jogging and trekking in a amateurish park improve their physical strength and give an opportunity to receive nature and environment.Furthermore, spending time with family, relatives and friends outdoor enriches their social lives. As a result, they would be more interactive and responsible socially. Finally, one could simply b e entertained by reading at home or playing some music. In conclusion, how much time should we spend on severally use during extra time is debatable. Each has its own merit so long as individual does not involve excessively. In my opinion, young and adult alike should choose sensibly on type of activity and time spent to get most benefits out of their free time.

Corporate Governance and Business Ethics

It is quite arouse to note that, academic research in business moral philosophy was a totally distinct discipline from research in embodied regime, and the makeance of the word ethics was uncommon in available research on in incarnate giving medication. The chief responsibility of bodily governance was understood to be safeguarding the benefits of the shargonholders.Because of the rift between ownership and management, and the in qualification of the independent owners to supervise the performances of those managers, a scuttle was available for vital strategic decisions to be taken which would advantageous for the managers to a more than larger extent comp ard to the owners. For example, takeovers not related to the organizations core competency popcome in a bigger corporation, however, it does not fall outlet in a more profitable society all the time.Certainly, research has turn out that extremely incr serenityd extent of isolated diversification commonly resulted in lower profits. ( bodily Governance and Ethics) Till the great part of 1990s, nevertheless, remuneration of executives was normally settled to a greater degree by the magnitude of the corporation compared to by what profits the company is earning. Therefore, unconnected takeovers will openly and directly be advantageous for the upper-level managers, however may really be unfavorable in part of the stockholders.In the latter part of mid-eighties and initial stages of 1990s, when numerous mid and lower ranked employees in the States were trimmed down, huge remuneration of the CEOs and the application of former(a) methods which exclusively are advantageous to top level managers started to be talked about(predicate) in greater detail and overly in non-business news state-supportedations. plain in this give way era, Fortune, Business Week, and The Wall Street Journal report about the one-year surveys of remuneration of CEOs and bonuses.The matters which are normally implica ted as the active thrust of the shareholder which started during the 1990s, which culminated in increased appreciation on the part of the investors regarding thoroughly incorporate governance. In case the citizens might lose confidence in the business due to extensive substandard corporate governance, the outcome could be that the common investor will search for scope other than the stock market. Episodes, in the bygone few years have displayed that an existence has been found about a deep bonding between business ethics and corporate governance.The activities of a companys top executives impact the lives of several great deal, not merely shareholders. The reach of corporate governance is appreciating that it is stakeholders, not merely shareholders, whose privileges should be safeguarded. ( somatic Governance and Ethics) The assign of U. S. corporations was a vital point in time in which a growing amount of kidnaps have impaired their standing as socially accountable entitie s. (Center for Corporate Governance and Ethics) The Enron debacle has impacted not yet the assets of its shareholders, but also even the fate of its staff, and also the Houston community in which it was situated.The domino effects of Enron, Arthur Andersen, Tyco, and other scandals at high places are witnessed forthwith in the stock market, our country and the employment prospects of our novel graduates passing out of colleges, and maybe the most enduring in its detriment in public skepticism, disbelief, and antipathy with the business community. (Corporate Governance and Ethics) The trust among investors was at its nadir, leading in persistent confusion in the financial markets and a smothering of frugal turnaround. Center for Corporate Governance and Ethics) Con berthrable sums of invested monies vanished because of accusations of misappropriation at the corporate level and misuse at the internal level.The accusations of scams and a broad judgement of doubt and indecision w ere unswervingly hindering the capability of enterprises to fight, create fresh jobs and wagerer our economy. (Corporate Governance Codes of Ethics to point Corporate Conduct) Overseas investors were taking a cautious approach prior to feeling certain that their investments are secure with the U. S. companies. (Center for Corporate Governance and Ethics) The question remains whether an supporting(a) result is present of these latest episodes.Efficient corporate governance is something which is found on a fundamental set of honourable principles which steer the actions of the company, regarding the decision to assemble a new product or collect new capital. It sets up a scaffold for efficiently evaluating risk and finding out and preventing scam and misuse by the internal employees of the corporate.I believe that some of the encouraging results of these latest episodes are which the common American is very aware in the present era regarding corporate governance -although the w ord is not utilize by them. I consider that we will be witnessing that in the feeler years, communities will expect honest behavior from companies, be resolute that corporate governance show the commendable values of the company, and that the society reward the people who are idols of excellence and penalize those who flout their wishes.Moreover, I expect that each one of is more aware that ethics is an extremely compelling fixings of any business proportion. (Corporate Governance and Ethics) There is a universal consensus by the management, regulators, and investor regarding the urgency of a heightened importance on ethics and a better examination of business governance. Endeavors are currently concentrated on ontogenesis organizational structures and a good structure of confirmation and maintaining equilibrium, which are just, ethical, although typified by economic competence.Understanding the enlarged urgency for modifiable management practices and governance systems to brin g back confidence in the securities market, the U. S. Congress enacted the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. by dint of the provisions of the Act, it was made compulsory for setting up of separate corporate Board of Directors, establishment of independent audit and nomination committees, and solving of noise of interest among the management and other stakeholders in firms, denotes necessity of separate auditors, and accords more rigorous accounting information disclosure norms.Latest and proposed Securities and Exchange steering rules are there, national stock exchange listing needs, and across the board fresh acts that passed by both sides of Congress, accented by President Bush, expression new structures for the governance of the accounting industry as also come-on to manage deception in the shape of strict punishments for corporate delinquency.Even though these needs are mostly aimed at publicly traded businesses and other government controlled industries, these novel regulations essentialiness cause management and Boards of Directors, regardless of public or privately held businesses to heed to the demand for corporate reform severely by setting up or once again finding out their grave of ethics of the company. Corporate Governance Codes of Ethics to Guide Corporate Conduct) The indecisive efficacy of any fresh regulatory code its possible expenses of implementation, and the restrictions of automatic remedial market mechanisms, call for building of institutions which ease the realization and execution of the law efficiently and in planned fortitude.These types of institutions essential even suggest pioneering governance practices and build increasing apparent and well supervised codes of ethics together with stringent disclosure needs. Center for Corporate Governance and Ethics) Return on equity is very crucial, but at the same time performing business without restoring to short-cuts is also important. Shareholders activism is important, but at the s ame time eagerness by the shareholders to allow management to perform its duty is also vital. Cautious notice to firm rules and methods is valuable, but concurrently is the capability to be resilient and keen to change long-standing regulations and processes.Permitting a company to gain from the network of acquaintances of staff is vital, however side by side is averting of circumstances wherein people believe that the companys decisions are arrived not on the merits, rather depending on the basis of contacts. (Ethics and Corporate Governance Is There star Best Way? ) Every profitable enterprise wants to flourish and because require skilled senior management. But skilled management never implies that that sole decisive factor is awareness regarding the functioning of the business and the capability to augment earnings, growth and profits.Competent management must even imprint a custom of truthfulness and ethical conduct. The Board of Directors and management must fix a right eth ical pretext in case of every employee, across the hierarchy of the organization. An efficient code of ethics or code of conduct is something which is espo apply by the Board of Directors and routinely evaluated and reinstated by the Board. A Code of Ethics must fix the values of the company give care the leadership, responsibility, honesty, and dedication and it is not the end of it. (Corporate Governance Codes of Ethics to Guide Corporate Conduct)In case of beginners, codes of conduct must deal with working conditions, military unit enrichment and training, and disagreements of interest. In order to be genuinely effectual, a code of ethics must be included into employee training across the company and used as an instrument for assisting worker feeling on expected conduct. It must be supervised at every stage to find out if the ideals are really executed across the company. A lot of companies with ethics programs have persisted to sustain hue legal cost for litigation based on un ethical conduct of its employees due to gaps in supervising and implementing an ethical code of conduct.The ongoing engagement of every staff as also service by Board members must partly be settle by every person espousing, enforcing and behaving themselves as per a suitable ethical code of conduct. (Corporate Governance Codes of Ethics to Guide Corporate Conduct) To conclude, corporate governance guidelines and ethics are developing fast. Investors are calling for increased standards as also other stakeholders. Those companies who do not possess appropriate corporate governance and ethics processes endanger themselves to serious harm to their standing, criminal/ legal action and authoritarian punishments.

How Does the Practical Life Exercises Help Children in Their Daily Living? by Maria Montessori

Reason for on the job(p) look ExercisesChildren atomic number 18 natively fire in activities they dedicate witnessed. Therefore, Dr. Montessori began using what she called working liveness Exercises to allow the tike to do activities of periodical look and therefore adapt and orientate himself in his society.It is therefore the Directresss task to demonstrate the correct way of doing these Exercises in a way that allows the tike to fully observe the movements. Montessori says, If talking feignt move, if moving dont talk.The pointress must in any case keep in mind that the goal is to show the actions so that the fry can go off and repeat the use in his get successful way. Montessori says, Our task is to show how the action is done and at the aforementioned(prenominal) time destroy the possibility of imitation. The nestling must originate his cause way of doing these activities so that the movements become real and not synthetic.During the barbarians sensitive pe riod between birth and 6, the boor is piddleing the inside(a) building blocks of his person. It is therefore important for the tike to participate in activities to determine him for his environs, that allow him to arise independently and use his motor skills, as askably as allow the chela to analyze difficulties he may fuddle in the cultivate and problem solve successfully.Montessori in addition saw the sisters need for order, repetition, and succession in movements. Practical Life Exercises likewise helps to aid the chela to develop his coordination in movement, his balance and his gracefulness in his surroundings as healthy as his need to develop the power of macrocosm silent.Dr. mare Montessori developed her philosophy of education based upon actual observations of children. She utter children prefer bestow than play, and they can only be in their natural self, when their natural self is satisfied through work. Its also through work they acquire license, ord er, the power of concentration and be normalized. Exercises of Practical Life was introduced and was accepted as the in truth heart of Montessori Education for it provides the hazard for the childs development of physical co-ordination, social skills, emotional growth as wholesome as cognitive preparation.Having a rich and stimulating prepared milieu equipped with purposeful materials and trained teachers are important for the child to grow to their full potential. Practical Life Activities are the first activities the child is introduced to inwardly the Montessori environment. These exercises are prepared based on activities children witnesses in their twenty-four hours to day life. That is why children can immediately satisfy their inner need and desires by mastering these exercises independently. alike Practical Life area allows children to do the intimacys what adults do e very(prenominal)day, for example cleaning, dressing or greeting people. As we know that children construct their knowledge by themselves through their life experience.Categories of Practical Life ExercisesPractical Life Exercises are grouped into four categories, development of motor skills, maintenance of environment, care of self and social grace and courtesy. Exercises in each of these categories provide the prospect to do purposeful work and are designed to teach the child life skills, so that they may become confident to do their daily chores at home. Activities grouped under Development of Motor Skills, much(prenominal) as stocking, pouring, squeezing, and twisting, sorting, etc. give the opportunity to exercise and co-ordinate body movements of the child. case is very important to the child because it contributes not only for the physical growth also intellectual and spiritual development of the child. Through Movement, he acts upon his external environment and thus carries bulge out his own personal mission in the world. Movement is not only an impression of the e go but it is an indispensable work out in the development of consciousness, since it isthe only real means which places the ego in a clearly defined relationship with external reality.The secret of ChildhoodThe child learns to Care for the Environment from exercises like cutting, cleaning, washing, polishing, sewing and more. They learn that they are a part of the environment and learn to respect and develop a superstar of responsibility towards the environment. Also the child impart gradually learn how to crap greater overlook of his gross motor movements so that he would be able perform more complex tasks later on. Some of the activities such as washing of a table can be carried out as a group task, which helps the child to be socialized. The child postulate to build himself and learn to take care of himself.The exercises in Care of egotism category are designed to provide the child skills need for his fillet of sole independence. In order to gain independence, the child ne eds to order will and discipline in order. Some of the activities in this category are on how to dress himself and stay clean by washing himself hands, face, feet as well as his belongings shoes, napkins, etc.. Between the ages of 2 1/2 -6, the child is in a sensitive period for the larn of good manners.The exercises of blow up and Courtesy are focused on developing will power, establish a proper posture, greet people, excuse one and interrupt when necessary. female horse Montessori considers the Social Grace and Courtesy activities as the near important exercises in the interoperable life curriculum. She felt that when children are first brought into a Montessori classroom, violence must be placed on social grace exercises.Motive of Practical Life ExercisesPractical Life Curriculum area has four main direct aims Order, Co-ordination Independence and Concentration, Dr. Maria Montessori observed that children need order at a specific sensitive period in their development. If n ot provided during this period the opportunity is foregone. A routine is very important as well as a place for eitherthing and everything in its place. This offers the child for orderly self construction. Co-ordination refers to organise large and small muscle movements as well as eye-hand co-ordination that suppose the respective development of childs mental life. Man happen upons his independence by making efforts. To be able to do a thing without any help from others this is independence. If itexists, the child can further rapidly if it does not, his progress will be slow The Absorbent Mind, chapter.XIV, pg 155It is very important that the child is given freedom to do these exercises at a time the child pleases he should be allowed to try, yield mistakes and correct his mistakes by himself without any help. The contentment of completing an performance drives the child towards independence. The power of Concentration is one of the most calming activities for a child. This is something which is controlled by the child and it challenges his body and his mind. With concentration the child is able to focus on purposeful work. Ive witnessed to the concentration that my 3 and half year old niece had for folding her little brothers nappies.The pile of nappies was ii times bigger than her, I thought, she would be bored and leave, but for my confusion after 45 minutes I could devour that she has folded all nappies very neatly and have kept one on top of some other and was ready to be placed in the drawers. Within the Montessori classroom thick(p) concentration can be acquired through the Silence Game. To achieve silence requires effort and the attention of the will, and maximum control of self-consciousness of every movement. Montessori thought of the silence lesson as a means for bringing children to this higher(prenominal) level of spiritual awareness. Practical Life Exercises aid the child in his journey towards normalizationAs a result of education Practical Life Exercises in the Montessori environment, the child starts to develop confidence, self-esteem, he grow towards independence, mutual aid and co-operation, dim spontaneous concentration, attachment to reality and most importantly childs joy of learning is supreme. All these help the child to lead towards normalization. The normalized children possess a anomalous character and personality not recognized in young children standardisation is the most important single result of our whole work. The Absorbent Mind, Chapter XIX, pg. 204.Children needs a carefully prepared environmentIt is important to provide the child an environment to work on activities of their own choice at their own footprint experiencing freedom and self discipline while developing towards independence. Even though materials in PracticalLife area are the least standardized, exercises needs to be carefully thought and designed. A prepared environment should be of purposeful and meaningful materials an d properly trained instructors. When preparing materials the teacher needs to consider few principles of the Montessori Practical Life materials which satisfy Childs development needs.Firstly she needs to make sure that each material we give the child should have a definite purpose, for an example the mat is laid to mark the area of his workstation, intervention the spoon develops childs skill of spooning which leads to independence. Secondly materials should progress from childly to more complex design and usage. As a preliminary exercise for transferring solid objects we could give the child a spoon and later, it could progress to tweezers, chopsticks. Also it should be designed to prepare the child indirectly for future learnings such as writing, mathematics and scientific concepts.We prepare the child for wiring by teaching them the pincer grip, using thumb, index and midriff fingers to hold objects and by left to right and top to bottom concepts, so that these orders natural ly incarnates in the childs mind. The mathematical concepts such as judgement of capacity and volume, division, calculation and exactness includes in activities of spooning, pouring and sweeping. The activity, transferring irrigate using a sponge gives the child the scientific concept of weight. The child could feel the weight of the sponge defers when the water is absorbed and when the water is released. Dr. Maria Montessori said, to each one individual should become aware of his own errors. Each should have a means of checking, so that he can tell if he is right or not. Absorbent Mind, Chapter XXIV, pg 247.So she included the path to perfection, which she called the Control of misplay within the materials itself so the child would be able to observe the activity he completes and understand his own mistakes. If a child has finished working on the dressing frame with large buttons, and he can see that buttons has gone through wrong buttonholes or buttoning halfway or comprehend only half of the button come up the flap, these would be his control of errors. He has the opportunity to guide himself to correct his own mistakes. Furthermore when preparing the activity in the Montessori classroom the directress need to make sure that all materials are kept together in a basket or a tray and grouped accordingly to the level ofdevelopment.The activity should have its unique spot and be reachable to the child so that the child could use the materials of their own choice and return the exercise, leading to independence and self-discipline. Also it is important to be providing attractive and clean child friendly and child size materials. Each activity should be limited in quantity. In a Montessori classroom the directress plays a major role. She needs to be properly trained, be a good role model and she should be able to develop and exercise a happy and rewarding teacher-child relationship. The first essential is that the teacher should go thru an inner, spiritual preparation cultivate certain aptitudes in the moral order. Her Life and Work, Chapter XVIII, pg 298.The teachers prime objectives are to maintain order in the prepared environment, assuage the development of the child, encourage independence and self-sufficiency. In conclusion it is apparent that Practical Life Exercises refines movement, providing a foundation in early learning, attitudes and dispositions. Practical life exercises also provide children a sense of accomplishment as they tie in real, meaningful work with tangible results. The familiar home-like environment of the practical life corner allows children to gain independence, order, concentration and confidence as they carry out thoughtfully prepared activities. This leads to normalization.

Diabetes and Nutrition

Diabetes mellitus is a continual disorder of carbohydrate and lipide metabolism in which simple eye levels of glucose and lipids are elevated. This abnormal metabolism results from a relative lack of insulin, either too little insulin is secreted or the insulin that is secreted is not effective. In addition, diabetes is associated with chronic outlineic complications, which, over time, can affect the retina, kidneys, centers, and cardiovascular system. The most common classifications of diabetes mellitus include type I, or insulin-dependent, diabetes mellitus (IDDM) type II, non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) and gestational diabetes (GD).How it is DevelopedThe problems of diabetes originate in an organ located behind the stomach approximately the length of a human hand called the pancreas. The pancreas is necessary for both digesting fodder and regulating energy. It is the regulation of energy for the body that is important in the phylogenesis of diabetes. The pan creas produces hormones that metabolize food. These hormones regulate the use of glucose, a simple sugar, which is used for most of the activities in our bodies. The pancreas regulates energy in a variety of behaviors in which military man engage such as exercise and movement, responding to trauma and stress, and infections.The pancreas emits three diametrical types of hormones. Insulin is the first hormone that is produced when glucose rises in the rootage. Insulin usually rises after eating a meal, and excess glucose that is not used is stimulated by insulin to be stored in muscles and fat cells so that energy can be used later. The colorful also stores excess glucose in the form of a carbohydrate called glycogen. The help type of pancreatic hormone is glucagon. Glucagon breaks down glycogen stored in the colored so that it can be used as energy when blood glucose supplies are down. The third type of pancreatic hormone is called somatostatin, thought to be important in regul ating both insulin and glucagon.When diabetes develops, this balanced book system does not operate properly. The glucose in the bloodstream increases, and the cells are not competent to employ it. The individual develops hyperglycemia (excess glucose in the blood). This can be detect by measuring the glucose in the blood from a blood sample, or if the glucose is elevated enough, it can be detected in the urine as spillover. This sort of situation occurs when there is not enough insulin to permit the cells to utilize the glucose, or there is resistance most likely at the cellular level to the presence of insulin. Both cases produce diabetes.Symptoms of DiabetesSome of the symptoms of Diabetes Mellitus are change magnitude thirst, increased urination, weight loss even though the individual is eating more, fatigue, nausea, and vomiting, unclothe infections, vaginitis, blurred vision, bladder infections, and impotence in men and cessation of catamenia in women.One severe symptom o f diabetes is diabetic ketoacidosis. This symptom sometimes produces more or less sweet-smelling breath that is caused by acetone, a metabolic byproduct, when the body is labored to burn fatty acids rather than glucose. This process becomes more and more virulent to the body as it continues the individual may develop diabetic comatoseness and die. Ketoacidosis occurs when individuals are either not getting enough insulin or the insulin is not adequate to allow cells of the body to utilize the glucose.Effects of DiabetesDiabetes has two types of long-run effects. One type is associated with blood vessel involvement. Damage to the large vessels puts the diabetic at greater risk of stroke, heart attack, and humble of the feet. When small blood vessels are damaged, eyes, kidneys, and nerves become damaged. The other long-term effect is nerve damage usually in the feet, but also occasionally in the hands. This nerve damage is called diabetic neuropathy. This damage may cause a pain ful burning sensation with loss of sensation over time, devising the body part more subject to injury and infection. Foot ulcers and gangrene can develop, with further damage in the extremities. In men, diabetic neuropathy may cause erectile impotence.Nutrition for DiabetesConsultation with a dietitian familiar with children and with type 2 diabetes is important for all longanimouss. The dietitian should assess the nutritional status and practices of the patient and then counsel them to provide a meal plan which, at least initially, does not deviate in a major musical mode from their usual eating practices. Changes do gradually, through subsequent appointments and interviews, frequently get through compliance more successfully than does radical and rapid change.Individuals providing counseling essential be clear about the differences in the management of patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Because obesity is a typical finding in type 2 diabetes and caloric restriction re sults in improved glycemic control and insulin sensitivity, modest caloric restriction and weight loss or caution are important goals so is correction of the dyslipidemia, which frequently accompanies the metabolic syndrome or IRS.In general, calories from dietary fat should not exceed 30% of energy intake, and calories from consummate(a) fat should not exceed 10%. An effort is also made to limit cholesterol in the diet to

College vs. High School Essay

High-quality procreation is a signifi targett part of everyday life. To accomplish that education, most commonwealth went through a transition from tall educate to college, two major milestones in most peoples lives. at that place be many a(prenominal) deflexions mingled with these two institutions. Some students whitethorn adapt and transit from the life of high gear school to the life of college without much difficulty, plot of ground others may give years to grasp the differences and cope with it. High school and colleges are some(prenominal) made to educate, but with differences in terms of classes, responsibility, and social life.One of the primary(prenominal) differences between college and high school is the classes in general. In high school students at feed class for six hours every day for five days. data is provided mostly through classroom discussion and registering that is assigned. Assignments in high school are usually broken d experience into a ste p-by-step task. Quizzes are usually given on a weekly basis, and tests behave up at the end of every chapter. College, on the other hand, consists of cardinal to eighteen hour school weeks and the classes are split in to semesters.There is more writing with longer papers and essays, a lot of out-of-class look into that is usually done in the library on the students own time, and a couple of(prenominal) to no assignments given in class. Compared to high school, thither are few quizzes in college and only about one test a month that covers much more material. The level of responsibility is a braggart(a) difference between high school and college. In high school teachers monitor the students progress and are likely to offer clarification when to them when it is needed.They also affect attendance every day, check students work constantly, and briefly lecture while highlighting the main points. In college professors lecture and expect the students to acquire knowledge and facts from outside reading and library research. The students must also monitor their own progress and ask for clarification if needed. Out of the classroom responsibility is also very distinguishable. Some students come from a home where their parents do a lot of things for them such as laundry, cooking, and making sure they make it to school.In college it is all up to the students to do all of these tasks themselves. The social life between high school and college students has a noticeable difference. Parents can control or have a big say in what their kid is doing in and out of school. They can make their kids be involved in divergent activities such as sports, clubs, and plays. They can also have a big influence on who their children hang out with, and can restrict the hours in which they do hang out with those friends. This can be a high-priced and bad thing.When parents dont let their kids learn from their own mistakes they may repeat them later on in life when their parents aren t thither to help them back up. College is a completely different story. It all go aways the kids choice, what they deprivation to be involved in, who they what to hang out with, and when they want to hangout. Making these choices can also be very stressful for students resulting in bad judgment. Although there are many differences between high school and college there are also some similarities.Grades are very important in some(prenominal) high school and college because they reflect the students future whether its for the career they are pursuing or the college they would like to get certain to. In high school and college the main objective is to learn and become more knowledgeable to help prepare students for the big world forwards of them. The courses taken in college are very similar to those in high school, just more in advance(p). They have a similar structure in the way they teach.They twain have teachers, textbooks, tests, some sort of homework, and of course the dre ad final mental tests. Throughout the entire course the teachers are preparing the students for the final exam so they can move on to a more advanced class. A lot of the basic rules in high school and college tend to be the same. Athletics plays a big role in both high school and college. Schools depend on sporting events to bring in additional money. Every step of education from kindergarten to college has the same goal in mind, to teach their students how to play a productive role in society. acquirement how to read and write in elementary school, and improving it in in-between and high school makes it possible for college student to write fluent essays, and read and understand chemistry and literature books. If the students are able to understand it all, passage the classes, and earn a degree, they can now get a production line and become a productive member of society. Even though high school and college may have many differences, they are very nigh connected and are major milestones in most peoples lives.

Person Centred Counselling

What I understand by the term Person- Centred Counselling Person-Centred focusing was developed by the psychologist Dr. Carl Rogers . It is a humanistic non-directive approach to steering where the counsellor allows the thickening to lead the conversation and non try to steer them in a particular direction. A fundamental part of this type of discuss is the healing(predicate) relationship between Counsellor/Client. An important part of this is providing an environment where a mortal encounters free from threat, both physically and psychologically.This can be achieved by the counsellor providing three core conditions genuineness, empathy and warmth which help that gain to occur. The approach relies on the somebodyal qualities of the practitioner to build a non-judgemental and empathic relationship with the lymph gland. The objective of the counsellor is to listen without making any judgements, without endowment advice, and adopt the client feel sure for their get feelin gs. It trusts the client to come on their study got answers and direction and of being fully capable of fulfilling their own potential.There atomic number 18 many tools used in person-centred counselling, including active listening, , paraphrasing, summarising, minimal encourages etc. Person-centred counselling recognizes that achieving potential requires favourable conditions and that not having these conditions may lead the individual to not grow and develop in the best ways that are possible. When we are denied acceptance from separates or it is made conditional upon the individual behaving in a particular way we may begin to lose touch with their own feelings and not be able to chose paths which are best for ourselves.When a client feels safe and accepted in the relationship they can explore their own feelings and desires and take any steps they feel necessary to self-actualize. This occurs when a persons behaviour is congruent with the person they would like to be. Perso n-centred counselling encourages the client to freely look at themselves and accept themselves for who they are or make changes to eliminate the behaviours that they do not like. Positive regard is to do with how other people evaluate and judge us. If a person has not been accepted in breeding for numerous reasons it can affect their self worth.A person with low self-worth may avoid challenges in life, not accept that life can be painful and unhappy at times, and will be defensive and guarded with other people but a person who has high self-worth, that is, has confidence and positive feelings about themselves, faces challenges in life, accepts failure and sorrow at times, and is open with people. By providing the client with the core conditions it allows for an environment where they feel accepted for who they are and can change the negative outlook they have on themselves and increase their self esteem.In summary person-centred counselling provides a therapeutic relationship whic h allows the client to explore their feelings freely. It promotes a person to go on in life and grow to be the best that they can perhaps be. The overall aim of person-centred counselling is to help the client self actualise and become a Fully Functioning Person where they are adequate to(p) to experience , come through in the present moment, trust their own feelings, and live a fulfilled life where they are well adjusted and balanced.