William Shakespeare s The Merchant Of Venice - 929 Words

The court scene in â€Å" The Merchant of Venice† along with â€Å"Measure of Measure† are two of the most read court scenes in Shakespeare s plays. The court scene in â€Å"The Merchant of Venice† is a window into the world of Elizabethan Law, and some of the issues that citizens had with the trying to find justice. It also shadows problems in our current legal system that are a source of contention today. Below I intend to show that Shakespeare, because of his knowledge of the legal system, was well aware of certain contentious arguing points concerning the courts of the day, as well as the impact of these points on the average citizen. I will point out certain instances where the rule of law should have been over ruled by mercy or fairness, and the consequences to an individual when equity is ignored and the rule of law is followed without judgment. I also will also attempt to draw parallels between the points raised in â€Å"The Merchant of Venice† and today s legal system. The study of Shakespeare s plays and their included court scenes has evolved into its own field, and thinkers pour over the satire, messages, and moral truths as much as they pour over the plays themselves. The Merchant of Venice â€Å"has spawned more commentary by lawyers than any other Shakespeare play† (Kornstein 66). Shakespeare knew all about lawyers and courts in Elizabethan society. To publish a play in Shakespeare s time, you had to submit a play to be approved by the Master of Revels, and Shakespeare wouldShow MoreRelatedWilliam Shakespeare s The Merchant Of Venice Essay1624 Words   |  7 PagesWilliam Shakespeare s comedy The Merchant of Venice uses contrasting religions to draw out major themes through the ethnic divides that are exemplified. The play expresses the extreme cultural divide between the Jews and Christians through a legal contract between two men. The rivalry between the two men, Shylock and Antonio is clear from the beginni ng of the play and only intensifies as it continues on. Modern day readers most likely take away a slightly different message from the play than whatRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s The Merchant Of Venice1320 Words   |  6 Pagesghetto, and were treated as inferior to the rest of the city. William Shakespeare’s play The Merchant of Venice exhibits the prejudicial attitudes of his era. Antonio, a Christian merchant, makes a deal with Shylock, a Jewish moneylender. Shylock uses it as an opportunity to exact revenge by demanding a pound of Antonio’s flesh if he does not meet his end of the bargain. By pitting the majority of his characters against Shylock, Shakespeare portrays Shylock in a way that discriminates against all JewsRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s The Merchant Of Venice2269 Words   |  10 PagesSamantha Hansen ENG 314 Brother Brugger 12.15.14 The Question of Shylock It is hard to read The Merchant of Venice without finding at least one character to sympathize with. The unforgettable villain Shylock as well as Portia, Shakespeare’s first and one of his most famous heroines are arguably some of this plays most beloved characters. But, is Shylock really the villain? Or is he a victim of circumstance? Shylock’s insistence for a pound of flesh has made him one of literatures most memorableRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s The Merchant Of Venice1970 Words   |  8 Pagesthe titles are reflective of the protagonists featured within. For example, the famous titles of Julius Caesar and Hamlet tell the tragedies of those respective characters. However, when it comes to William Shakespeare’s fourteenth play, The Merchant of Venice, it can be argued that Antonio, the merchant, is not who the play is about. In fact, there is not just one character, but instead multiple that fit the description of the protagonist. The main plot, or rather p lots, of the play revolve aroundRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s The Merchant Of Venice1315 Words   |  6 PagesIn The Merchant of Venice by William Shakespeare the play is based upon the hierarchy between Christian men and Jewish men. A character by the name of Bassanio borrows money from his friend Antonio, and Antonio borrows the money from Shylock to give to Bassanio. Eventually, Antonio cannot pay the money back because his ships have supposedly sunk. Therefore, he comes close to death because he signed a bond with Shylock stating that Shylock would get a pound of his flesh if the bond was not repaidRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s The Merchant Of Venice1532 Words   |  7 Pagesuseless dialogue can make readers skip over what seems like a false beginning to a good story. But think about this: what if those seemingly lengthy, extra, useless words were actually important? For example, the opening 115 lines of William Shakespeare’s The Merchant of Venice are provide minimal support to the story at first glance. In these lines, Antonio and his friends are discussing the dynamics of happiness and sadness in order to find the root of Antonio’s sad mood. This portion of the play givesRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Merchant Of Venice988 Words   |  4 PagesAs I finished reading Merchant of Venice by Shakespeare, I realized that the struggle of the play gyrates around whether justice is truly served and is morality advocated or manipulated by those in authority. The struggle between the principles of justice have caused many readers to question the interaction between the definition of morality and justice. The bond that causes readers to take a closer look throughout the play originates from Shylock’s desire for vengeance and Antonio’s desireRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s The Merchant Of Venice1532 Words   |  7 Pagesfundamentalist Americans. The ills of money-lending from the Eastern perspective have been fodder for Western literature for centuries, replete with illustrations that mirror the differences and similarities in East-West cultural norms. In William Shakespeare’s The Merchant of Venice, money-lending has gone awry. In Act I, Scene iii, the Italian Antonio seeks to borrow 3,000 ducats from the Jewish Shylock, and Shylock intends to charge him interest, which is against Jewish economic-religious principles (BateRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s The Merchant Of Venice Essay1275 Words   |  6 PagesShakespeare’s The Merchant of Venice is so alike to our financially afflicted world. The rules of law and commerce are subject to deceptive manipulation, fear of the other overwhelms respect for a common humanity, duplicity is the norm, sexuality is a vehicle for ambition, and money drives and wraps almost every action. It is a classic tale that includes important details of the financial crisis in the Unit ed States during 2007-2009. Shakespeare’s Venice, like the New York of his time - and theRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s The Merchant Of Venice2059 Words   |  9 Pagesin The Merchant of Venice resembles a folktale known as â€Å"A Pound of Flesh† (325). Artese supports his supposition with background context and parallels between the two story lines. Literary versions of the pound of flesh story circulated during the sixteenth century and were collected since the nineteenth century because of the plot’s longevity and populairity Shakespeare would have been familiar with pound of flesh stories (326). Human commodification is a central issue in both The Merchant of Venice

American Research And Development Of An Atomic Bomb

It was August, 1939. United States President Franklin Roosevelt read a letter sent to him from prominent scientists Albert Einstein and Leo Szilard. The purpose of this letter was to inform the President that the Germans supposedly discovered the secrets to developing nuclear weaponry and to urge the President to do the same. This letter changed the course of human history, setting the stage for the development of weapons that would alter warfare forever (Primary Sources: Letter from Einstein to FDR). The Manhattan Project was the code-name given to the American research and development of an atomic bomb. The high-stakes chess game of World War II was in full swing, and every move each side played created a chain reaction throughout the world, as did the news of the German’s advancements. Even though the United States would not officially enter the war until 1941 (Historical Film Footage: US Enters World War II), the world believed the United States to be the only hope of a Ge rman defeat. With the alarming news of the German’s recent discoveries, the Americans needed to quickly assert its dominance in the race to develop new wartime technology. Roosevelt authorized the research of nuclear weapons in January of 1942 (Atomic Timeline). Immediately, government officials placed plans for classified studies into motion at institutions across the country. As explained by the Independence Hall Association, â€Å"At first the research was based at only a few universities — ColumbiaShow MoreRelatedAmerica Chose To Drop Atomic Bombs On Japan, And This Affected1314 Words   |  6 PagesAmerica chose to drop atomic bombs on Japan, and this affected the war and the country in many ways. America was trying to stop the war and make Japan surrender. Atomic bombs, which are nuclear weapons, were dropped by the United States on the cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Japan. Atomic bombs terrify everyone today, but at that time, they were considered an indisp ensable step for an early end to the war with minimal human losses. Some people believed the bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki wereRead MoreBuilding An Atomic Bomb Of The United States Entered Into World War II1507 Words   |  7 PagesProject Nuclear research all started when the Japanese bombed Pearl Harbor, and the United States entered into World War II. When the United States realized that Germany attempted to build an atomic bomb, Americans began to concentrate on their research about creating an atomic bomb more heavily. President Franklin D. Roosevelt created the Manhattan Project, which included a group of top scientists, under General Leslie R. Groves, who worked around the clock to try to develop an atomic bomb within threeRead MoreThe Atomic Bomb Of The United States1610 Words   |  7 Pages It was the morning of July 16, 1945, a countdown for the detonation of the first atomic bomb took place near Los Alamos, New Mexico. The atomic bomb testing would forever change the meaning of war. However, the atomic bomb was detonated and it sent shock-waves all over the world. There was much research to be done on the bomb in the United States. The research was called â€Å"The Manhattan Engineer District Pro ject† but it was known as The Manhattan Project. With the issues of theRead More The Atomic Age1290 Words   |  6 PagesThe Atomic Age The Atomic Age, composed of complex and controversial issues, has forever changed our world and the way in which we live. * What were the factors leading to the dropping of the atomic bomb? The answer to this question considers events dealing with atomic energy, the Manhatten Project, and controversial issues about when, where, how, and if the bomb should have been used. There are several events prior to the 1940s that led to the making of the bomb, but the majority of eventsRead MoreThe Atomic Bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki1656 Words   |  7 PagesDid the atomic bomb have to be used in World War II on Japan? There were multiple reasons why the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki were necessary. One of which is to reduce the chance of Allied casualties if the war continued. Another reason was to prohibit the possibility that an Axis country such as Nazi Germany, could create an atomic weapon. A third reason or is whether or not the use of atomic weapons on innocent people was worth the media backlash. A final reason is that the workRead MoreThe Manhattan Project Shaped History1093 Words   |  5 Pagesof atomic warfare. Harry S. Truman stated â€Å"I knew what I was doing when I stopped the war†¦ I have no regrets and, under the same circumstances, I would do it again.† The Manhattan Project shaped history as we know it today. In 1939 President Roosevelt was told of the German exploration to yield atomic artilleries for war. Roosevelt determined that under the state of affairs of the looming World War II the United States would need to cultivate atomic weapons before the Germans. Research fundingRead MoreThe First Lightning: The First Russian Nuclear Atomic Bomb1060 Words   |  5 Pages29,1949 the first nuclear atomic bomb was dropped known as the â€Å"First Lighting.† It was dropped on the testing site in Semipalatinsk in Kazakhstan. This nuclear bomb was produced by the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) also known as the Soviet Union. Igor Kurchatov was the director of the scientific soviet nuclear bomb program. There were two practice rounds two weeks prior to the explosion. During these two weeks period the Special Committee on the atomic bomb sent Lavrentii Beria toRead MoreNuclear Weapons And The World War II1145 Words   |  5 Pagesmilitary development in the early 20th Century had demonstrated the potential of atoms and other properties to create large-scale nuclear weapons. The developments of the arms race within the context of World War I and World War II further led to the emergence of nuclear weapons for combat. Countries such as the United States, USSR, and Britain also sought to create effective nuclear weapons. Subsequently, the major application of nuclear weapons emerged when the US dropped two atomic bombs at HiroshimaRead MoreThe First Atomic Bomb Of The United States1249 Words   |  5 Pages On December 7, 1941, Japanese forces attacked an American naval base, Pearl Harbor, in Honolulu, Hawaii. Twenty naval vessels and 200 airplanes were destroyed during the attack. 2000 soldiers were killed and 1000 were injured. The following day, December 8, President Franklin Delano Roosevelt asked the United States congress to declare war on Japan. Three days later, after the United States turned its attention to Germany and Italy, the two countries declared war on the United States, which theRead MoreThe Bombing Of Hiroshima And Nagasaki1051 Words   |  5 PagesThe bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki is one of the most talked about events in human history. It was the first and last time an atomic bomb was used in the history of the world. The bombing did not only mark the end of a battle with the Japanese but provided humanity a first-hand preview into the effects of the man-made device. Since the bombing there have been many discussions such as: who should possess such power, wil l mankind be the reason for its own demise, and why did America decide to use

Experience In My Life free essay sample

Today, I look back through vague but wonderful memories, memories of childhood, memories my mother and I share. I remember playing games, cards and putting together puzzles which I still have stored in my attic. Did you ever know that I Love Lucy reruns were on at 3: 00 a.m.? On occasion I would run downstairs and wake my mom, who already knew that I had had a bad dream, and wed watch together. She was very comforting. She showed alot of affection not only for me, but also for my brother and sister. All of us have experienced the same happiness our mother brought to our lives. In 1992 my best friends mother died of cancer. It was a tragedy, but as usual, my mother used her power of healing and got his family back on their feet. I remember she cooked for the grieving husband and sulking kids for two weeks. We will write a custom essay sample on Experience In My Life or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page If you asked my friends (or the community) about my mother, they would say, That woman has a heart of gold. I agree one-hundred percent. I think the reason she is such a wonderful person is because the Holy Spirit resides within her. She is very holy and has persuaded me to go to church with her every Sunday for as long as I can remember. She belongs to the RCIA (Rite of Christian Initiation for Adults) which gives people the opportunity to become part of the Catholic religion. About six years ago my mom decided that she wanted to pursue her lifelong goal of becoming a teacher. She knew it would be hard work raising three kids, doing housework, and studying at the same time. Nevertheless, in the long run, she believed it would pay off. What my mother didnt realize was that not all things pay off in this unfair world. After four hard, dedicated years of school, she graduated on a warm spring day. It was somehow better than perfect. It was unbelievable. My aunt and her family drove up from Virginia to celebrate this fantasic day. It was the first time I ever cried from being happy. Its bizarre how fast a life can change. Two months later, the unpredictable happened. My mother was diagnosed with Multiple Sclerosis at the age of 44. This made me sick. I could not believe after all the good she had done for people, this could happen. This was the hardest time for me. I was very confused and cried every day. My faith in God just about disappeared, and so did my moms dream of becoming a teacher. In my mind this tragedy didnt only affect my family, but the entire community. Today, I watch my mom who is full of boredom and depressed. Every day she takes pills that help her function. Since there is no cure, she can only pray for a miracle. Pray, that is what I do all night and day. Somehow I still feel helpless because there is nothing I can do, especially after all she has done for me. I cannot just sit here and watch her mind and body suffer. As the days go by, she gets worse and worse. If you ever saw your mother have daily spasms, how would you feel? She is not the same person. She used to be able to remember everything, but now her memory is fading. Multiple Sclerosis is a very serious disease that is desperate for a cure. It slowly kills by affecting the nervous system. I just wish I could tell my mother that everything will be okay like she used to tell me when I had a nightmare or the chicken pox. These past two years have been rather difficult. My dad had to get another job (as a limousine driver), so Friday and Saturday nights he is working. I wanted to go out with friends, but didnt want to leave my mother alone. I always would worry about her. Then, I decided I must move on with my life and accept the fact that she might never get better. Since my decision, I have become more mature, responsible, and active in school and work. I feel less obligated to stay home on Friday and Saturday nights. I have found a wonderful girlfriend with whom I plan to spend the rest of my life. I have overcome the hardest obstacle I believe I would ever have to face accepting that my mother is slowly dying. Through the years I have always been able to change negative situations into positive ones. At the moment, Im happy with my life. Today, I am a hard-working young man who understands that achieving success in life is the best tribute I can offer to the woman who has played such a big part in shaping who I have become.

Sustainable Initiatives in Energy Industry

Energy Background Any industrial and technological progress depends on energy that is readily available. The industrial and technological progress experienced in developed countries was made through exploitation of fossil fuels found under the earth surface (Ayres, 2002).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Sustainable Initiatives in Energy Industry specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More These fuels were often imported from countries which did not have the required technology for effective utilization, therefore, countries which had the required technology attained affluence at a faster rate, and they started controlling counties that were less developed (Peters Feldman, 2001). Today, these countries consume about four-fifth of the fossil fuel in the whole world. In 1973, countries that produced oil increased the prices of it, which created economic chaos both in developed and developing countries. This made all countries to realize that using oil in a wasteful manner was not acceptable, and they needed to make efforts to set up programs that ensured energy-conservation. They also realized that they had to look for alternative sources of energy (Brown, 2000). Since then, countries dependent on oil have always been affected by the ever-increasing oil prices. Some of the developing countries have faced serious shortages of power, which has pushed them to import the cheapest oil (Prindle et al, 2003). This cheap oil is utilized by technology that is less efficient; therefore, wastage is still an important issue for these countries (Ayres, 2002). In addition to the high cost of oil, which is suffered by countries dependent on it for energy production, oil utilization poses health and environmental risks. The gases emitted during extraction, energy production and utilization, are harmful to human health, and when these gases escape into the atmosphere (Warren, 1987), they contribute to the effect of globa l warming and ozone depletion. However, despite all these effects, countries still import oil, it is due to the simple reason that they need it for industrialization and development (Andreason, 1995). These countries face the issue of uncertainty in the continuous supply of oil as well. It occurs because the rate at which it is been used exceeds the rate at which it is being replenished.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Who Should Regulate Sustainable Development Why should countries insist on using a source of energy that is ever-increasing in price and has a great effects on human health and is not sustainable. Yet, are there other alternative sources that are more reliable, cheap and environmentally friendly? According to some researchers, the government should make sure that countries are utilizing energy resources that are economically and environmentally sustainable. Th erefore, they are mandated to regulate the use of energy in the country (Andreason, 1995) Some researchers argue that, private companies should regulate the production of energy resources, while others argue that end users should also be involved in the energy regulation for energy to be sustainable. Using technology that conserves energy helps in reducing energy wastage and emission of harmful gases into the atmosphere (Atiles et al, 2003). This paper provides the discussion of the question: who should do and what should be done to ensure that sustainable energy would be used in future, if people involved do not identify what is supposed to be done to ensure sustainable energy. Energy Situation in New Zealand New Zealand is a country that is heavily dependent on oil import as a source of energy for its economy. New Zealand realizes that this resource is finite, and its demand is higher than its production. This means that country will face oil shortages in the future, which will af fect its economy. Therefore, the New Zealand government is challenged to come up with a plan that will help them cope with shortages in the short-run, as they consider their options in the long-run. Today, New Zealand is getting prepared for peak oil; the government is concerned that the peak in production of oil will encourage its people to use fuels that are heavier, dirtier and harder to extract, this include oil shales, tar sands among others, and the amount of energy used in their extraction might be more than the energy extracted from them. Also the emission of the greenhouse gases will be more severe that it is at the moment. New Zealand Energy Options The New Zealand government has proposed the use of bio-fuels as an alternative to fossil fuels. According to this government and its financial circles, the rise of oil prices will make people opt for its alternatives, such as bio-fuels will be viable economically. Thus, the society and its economy will make a transition to rene wable energy without any problems.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Sustainable Initiatives in Energy Industry specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This step seems viable, considering that today many people in New Zealand prefer using smaller cars and public transport. However, bio-fuels can only cater for 6% of diesel demand, therefore, it cannot completely replace fossil fuels; this is because there are equipments, which will continue using oil for a long time. Another setback for the government’s proposal is that bio-fuels will bring about competition for land that is meant for food farming (Tullock Seldon and Brady, 2002). The government also looks at bio-fuels as a means used to reduce the greenhouse gases emissions, and this helps saving the environment. Companies which are regulated by the government benefit from research and development funding; this help companies with the expenditures that are diffic ult to fund. Sometimes, such investment provided by the government provides a social welfare and advocates for change in behavior of private companies, which reduces harmful externalities (Andreason, 1995). Apart from bio-fuels, New Zealand can also consider using renewable energy sources, which include geothermal, wind and hydropower. These sources of energy are considered to be clean sources; they are friendly to the environment. These sources are also economically viable if they produce substantial energy during the lifetime. The initial cost for power plants and machines used in harnessing energy from these sources are very expensive; this makes investors to shy away from investing in renewable energy (Copeland and Taylor, 2003). When compared to fossil fuel power plants. For instance, some renewable energy power plants are dependent on availability of wind in the case of wind power plants, and availability of rain in the case of hydro power plants. Despite all the inconvenience s, renewable sources of energy are still the most sustainable. Therefore, the New Zealand government should take an initiative of putting renewable energy sources in use. To encourage investors to venture in renewable energy production, the government gives incentives for anyone investing in renewable energy; these incentives include lowering taxes on importation of equipment used in plant construction. In New Zealand, hydropower has a potential to increase its capacity by approximately 50% and wind has a potential of approximately 20%.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More However, wind resource has issues of intermittency, making it not suitable for a large-scale use. Hydropower faces social and community challenges, such as disputes related to diversion of water. People living down-stream have problems with water diversion to hydro-power plants. The government and private investors should take the responsibility for educating locals on how a hydro-power plant works, as well as raise issues on its importance; It is done to remove the doubt that they will be denied water down-stream if the plant is build on the river. New Zealand Energy Conservation Options For sustainable energy, New Zealand also strives to reduce the energy demand through efficient extraction of energy, its generation and utilization. The government ensures that companies producing energy do this when using the most efficient equipments. There are companies which do not care about wastage of energy, as long as they produce and sell it to consumers. The little resources available sho uld be efficiently exploited without wastage and during transmission; responsible companies should minimize losses (Brennan and Schwartz, 1985). End users should also be encouraged to use end-use equipments that are efficient, this include energy saving bulbs and use of efficient electrical appliances. The government can support energy conservation program by providing goods such as energy saving bulbs and financing public awareness on how to save energy (Chao and Wilson, 1993). The government can also support the program through providing loans for a low interest rate to the private investors who wish to install energy efficient machines. New Zealand Plan for Sustainable Energy New Zealand has increased its emissions from the transport sector and the utilization of fossil fuel. However, these emissions can be mitigated with the use of alternative fuels and new technologies. This plan cannot be achieved overnight, therefore, the government of New Zealand has come up with a visionary plan; this visionary plan will run up to 2050 (New Zealand Government, 2007). According to the plan, the government wants to reduce the county’s dependency on oil (Botterud, 2003). The government started the plan in 2007 by giving incentives for exploring renewable resources, and investing in hydrogen and bio-fuels. This was meant to ensure a smooth transition to energy options that are more sustainable. Incentives will be given out until 2020, together with the expansion of the major grid and increasing the efficiency of vehicles (Botterud, 2003). It should be noted that everything is not going to be at stand still for this plan to be implemented, therefore, before the transition from oil to bio-fuels and renewable energy are introduced, the country will be using oil. To reduce the oil pollution by utilization, the government plans to adopt more efficient ways of utilizing fossil fuels. Between 2020 and 2030, government plans to increase the use of bio-fuels and reduce the use of fossil fuels (New Zealand Business Council for Sustainable Development, 2007). During this period, the government is also planning to build smart houses and grids, the government would have already be looking for the appropriate technologies that can be used in exploiting renewable energy resource such as wind, hydropower among others. Between 2030 and 2040, government will fully adopt renewable energy and drop all fossil fuels. The use of hydrogen as a source of energy will also be adopted during this period; it will be used in the transport sector, therefore, vehicles that utilize hydrogen as a source of energy will also be adopted (Robinson, 2006). By 2040, according to the New Zealand government, the country will not be dependent on oil, and this means that the economy will not be affected by the ever-increasing oil prices (New Zealand Government, 2007). Sources of energy adopted will be friendly to the environment. Therefore, the companies will not worry about compliance to international standards for environment, such as the Kyoto protocol, which demands that emissions of greenhouse gases must be reduced (Diaz, 2004). Energy in New Zealand will also be affordable to its people, this will help the New Zealanders to engage in business activities that will lead to economic development. New Zealand, therefore, will be sustainable economically, as energy is a source of economic development and if it is sustainable, than economic development will be sustainable (New Zealand Government, 2007). Conclusion The government of New Zealand has played a very important role in ensuring that the country is moving towards sustainable development. It has formulated energy policies that ensure that New Zealand does not depend on oil. This is because of the ever-increasing prices of oil, environmental pollution and its expected shortage in future (Blyth and Hamilton, 2006). The government has also come up with a plan for sustainable energy by 2050, which will make Ne w Zealand to be economically sustainable, if the plan comes out as planned (Chaton and Doucet, 2003). This shows that government initiative to regulate economic development should be appreciated. There are some issues, which are difficult for private companies to initiate because of the financial constraints and their limited power. For instance, the exploitation of renewable energy should be initiated by the government; this is because of the large capital involved in the construction of renewable power projects (Atiles et al, 2003). However, this does not mean that private companies should not be involved in production of renewable energy. In fact, the government should provide favorable conditions for them to venture in production of renewable energy (Bender et al, 2002). There is also the issue of power, whereby; the government has power over all resources in a country, therefore, companies can only exploit these resources under permission of the government. For instance, a comp any cannot exploit a river for hydropower without the knowledge of the government (Atiles et al, 2003). Therefore, the government comes first, especially in the formulation of policies (Anonymous, 2006). The government formulate policies, but it cannot work alone to regulate the economic development. Thus, there must be people who will implement these policies. These people include, companies producing, distributing energy and the end users. This means that as the government plans for economic sustainability, they should include these groups of people for the plan to be successful (Anonymous, 2006). Reference list Andreason, A.R. (1995). Marketing social change: Changing behavior to promote  health, social development, and the environment. San Francisco, CA: Jossey- Bass. Anonymous. (2006). The limits of efficiency. [Review of the report Don’t supersize me!: Toward a policy of consumption based energy efficiency]. Energy Design Update, 26, 12, 9-12. Atiles, J.H., Wysocki, J .L., Tremblay, K. R. Jr. (2003). Energy Star: Introducing a new cooperative extension partnership. Housing and Society, 30,1, 59-68. Ayres, R.U. (2002). The energy we overlook. In Hostetter, M. (Ed.) Energy policy. New York: H.W. Wilson Company. Bender, S.L., Moezzi, M., Hill Gossard, M., and Lutzenhiser, L. (2002). Using mass media to influence energy Consumption behavior: California’s 2001 Flex Your Power campaign as a case study. Proceedings of the 2002 ACEEE Summer Study in Energy Efficient Buildings, USA, 8: 15-28. Brown, M.H. (2000). The link between energy efficiency and air quality. National  Conference of State Legislators State Legislative Report, 25, 16, 1-13. Blyth, W., and K. Hamilton (2006): â€Å"Aligning Climate and Energy Policy,† Briefing paper, Chatham House. Botterud, A. (2003): â€Å"Long-term Planning in Restructured Power Systems – Dynamic  Modelling of Investments in New Power Generation under Uncertainty,† Phd thesis, NTNU. B rennan, M., and E. Schwartz (1985): â€Å"Evaluating Natural Resource Investments,†Ã‚  Journal of Business, 58, 135–157. Chao, H., and R. Wilson (1993): â€Å"Option Value of Emission Allowances,† Journal  of Regulatory Economics, 5(3), 233–249. Chaton, C., and J. Doucet (2003): â€Å"Uncertainty and Investment in Electricity Generation with an Application to the Case of Hydro-Qu ´ebec,† Annual Operations Research, 120(1), 59–80. Copeland, B., and M. Taylor (2003): Energy and the Environment. Pronceton University Press, Princeton. Diaz, M. (2004): â€Å"Valuation of Exploration and Production Assets: An Overview of Real Options Models,† Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, 44(1-2),   93–114. New Zealand Business Council for Sustainable Development. (2007). A Sustainable Energy Future for New Zealand by 2050, a business view. New Zealand Government. (2007). New Zealand Energy Efficiency and Conservation Strategy, Energy Conservation, 8.pp 145-222. Peters, J.S., Feldman, S. (2001). I can do it!The role of self-efficacy in motivating  change in attitudes and behavior relating to energy efficiency and renewable. Proceedings of the 2001International Energy Program Evaluation Conference, USA: 479-486. Prindle, W., Dietsch, N., Elliot, R.N., Kushler, M., Langer, T., Nadel, S. (2003). Energy efficiency’s next generation: Innovation at the state level (Report Number E031). Washington, D.C.: American Council for an Energy Efficient Economy Savage, I. (2005). Building value with building science: High performance green building in the housing industry. Carolina Planning. 30 (2), 23-25. Robinson, G. (2006). Understanding economic sustainability. New York: Wilson Company. Tullock, G., Seldon, A. and Brady, G.L. (2002). Government failure: A primer in public  choice. Washington, CD: E. Cato Institute. Warren, A. (1987). Saving megabucks by saving megawatts. Energy Policy. 15 (6), This essay on Sustainable Initiatives in Energy Industry was written and submitted by user Skyler Miles to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.