Development and Globalisation Essay

training and globalisation schooling A process of brotherly and economic advancement in terms of the case of human life. Development can involve can involve economic, demographic, social political and cultural changes. Development is a term that can be used in many distinct contexts whether it is social, economical, political etc. merely generally development refers to an remedyment in certain beas Economic o An subjoin in the earths economy with a raise from secondary to tertiary perseverance which becomes less dependent on FDI. demographic An increase in tribe and a to a greater extent ageing population as standard of reinforcement increases. Birth grade and death rates drop as life expectancy increases. Social o An increase in the range of run, increased land prices and a more multicultural society. Greater access to teaching method, health c atomic number 18 and communication Political o More democratic and more exercise on the global demonstrate. Stable government, no dictatorship. Cultural development o Greater equality for women and better race relations in multicultural societies. Measuring Developmentgross domestic product- Gross Domestic Product the value of all the goods and services produced in a country in a year, in $US, usually expressed as per capita (per person). PPP (purchasing power parity)* figures are more useful. *Adjusted for overtaking of living GNP- The total value of goods and services produced by iodine country in a year, plus all net income earned from foreign sources, in $US. HDI- Human Development Index It is a summary composite plant index that measures a countrys average achievements in tether basic aspects of human development health, knowledge, and a decent standard of living. aliveness Expectancy Literacy Rate Standard of Living (measured in GDP per capita) It gives a more complete picture of development of a country than GDP alone as it considers social factors and not just economic facto rs. Development Continuum Originally there were three groupings that made up the development continuum, they were offset World (those developed countries that had a democratic government and a arduous economy) Second World (communist countries) Third World (UN developed countries)However as time has gone on newer economies give up started to develop caused by different development patterns and speeds. The Development gap The gap between rich and ugly countries Most commonly, the gap is thought of in terms of income/economics It in any case social, environmental and even political aspects There was a suggested North/ sec divide originating from the Brandt report in 1980, where the north accounted for 80% of GDP still only 20% of the population however this too requires some fine licence and is a very general way of dividing countries.There are more accurate ways of grouping countries as listed be beginning and as countries move through the development continuum countrie s pass from one category to some other Developed (MDCs the most well developed countries eg. UK) Developing (Countries which are undergoing development arguably they all are. Eg. Malaysia) LDCs (Least Developed Countries eg. Ethiopia) NICs (Newly industrialise Countries Have just finished development (10 years or so) Eg. China) RICs (Recently Industrialised Countries Further behind than the NICs eg. Dubai) Centrally Planned Economies (The a couple of(prenominal) remaining communist countries eg. North Korea) Oil Rich Countries (Countries rich in oil eg. Saudi Arabia) Causes for the Development Gap Colonialisation colonial powers took resources from poorer countries Price of commodities is oft controlled by TNCs ensuring high meshs for MEDC firms and low prices paid to LEDC producers Fair great deal set up in reaction to this. LEDCs are now unproblematic producers producing low cost commodities, e. g. bananas Primary commodities have fallen in price, or staye d steady, while commodities they need has increased, e. . oil What is preventing the Development gap from closing? many LEDCs main industry is as primary producers generally low profit Internatnioal cover dominated by TNCs Rapid The Asian Tigers Who or what are the Asian Tigers? Asian economies that have progressed economically at such tangible rates that have come to rival the earning capacity and quality of living of those being first- introduction countries Taiwan, Hong Kong, Singapore and South Korea. Globalisation Globalisation The increased inter-connection in the worlds economic, cultural and political systems. Positives Negatives Allowed the vogue of people more easily Uncontrolled migration Increased foreign trade Inequality in wealth More access to food, services, healthcare etc. ll over the world Heavy environmental cost Loss of countries individual cultures, global cutters Globalisation began in the 19th century as there was the beginning of movement of pe ople and goods Increase in independence Increase in trade as well as the spread of industry Beginning of Trans bailiwick Corporations. Globalisation continued in the 20th century and was shaped by a number of factors including 1.Emergence of free markets ( niftyist economy) 2. Deregulation of world monetary markets 3. The establishment of the General Agreements of Tariffs and Trade (GATT) the WTO which sought to lower trade barriers. 4. The take of trade blocs 5. The establishment of the IMF and the World Bank 6. Development of global trade and the continuing rise of TNCs. Flows Capital o ICT allows cheap, reliable and almost fast communication o Allows sharing information o Allows transfer of capital o Allows Marketing around the world Labour o modify transport for people Size of air craft o mild cost airlines o High speed rail links o Specialised workers- doctors, ICT etc. o Unskilled workers Products and services o unified networks o Goods handling o Computing logis tics o Container revolution o Improved transport for goods o Global marketing, the world as one market and create products that fit various regional market places e. g. coca-cola and McDonalds Patterns of production, distribution and consumption Manufacturing has gone from developed countries to lower wage economies. This is known as the GLOBAL SHIFT, which is brought about by FDI by TNCs.Many LEDCS have benefited from the transfer of technology which has meant these countries can raise their productivity without raising their return to the level of the developed countries. This has lead to the de-industrialisation of richer countries and the focus on tertiary and four-spot industry. There has also been outsourcing of service operations, such as call centres, Mumbai, this extends the influence on a global scale also the employment cost are a lot lower even though there is a highly educated workforce. Positive and negatives of the global slip-up Positives for MEDCs Negatives for MEDCs thrust of polluting industries away from their country Could lead to wide spread unemployment Growth in LEDCs may lead to demand for exports from MEDCs Loss of skills Cheaper imports can cargo area the cost of living down benefiting the retail Negative multiplier inwardness sector Large gap between skilled and unskilled workers who may experience Labour market flexibility and efficiency extreme redeployment differences Development of new technologies leading to investment deindustrialisation of some areas, such as the North Help to reduce inflation Positives for LEDCs and NICs Negatives for LEDCs Development of new industries Rapid urbanisation and rural-urban migration Increased employment Westernised surface to economy Helps to reduce development gap Increased environmental modify die to polluting industries Increased FDI and investment which can lead to improved services such as Exploitation of labour infrastructure, health care and education Disruptive social impacts Increased exports helps BoPs, and increases income and GDP Over-dependant on one industry New technologies Destabilises food supplies, less agriculture Health and safety issues because of assess legislation Patterns of production and processes In manufacturing there has been a global shift of marketing from MDCs to LDCs.Guests are encouraged to participate in low impact activities o guided nature/bird walks, o cycling, sportfishing o Day or night game drives are conducted in open-sided 44 vehicles Lodges work closely with the local community and support several enterprises, schools and an orphanage. Guests can visit a group of widows that craft sisal baskets, a group that makes jewellery from recycled paper and a rug distort factory. The lodges only sell what is made by the community and pay a fair price. A large percentage of the price is donated to the community fund. both year, children from the local community and schools are invited to participate in ecotourism workshops To protect and improve their environment.