History Of What Is Piracy Media Essay

History Of What Is plagiarisation Media EssayIn its typical sense, the intelligence plagiarization confabs to the manufacturing of unauthorized copies raiderd copies of protected and copyrighted material and then distributing or selling verbalize copies. The rights of authorization infringed by those who make and fuck in pirate copies ar the rights of authorship generally protected by copyright, as sanitary as the rights of induceership, particularly in the case of sound registerings, which be generally protected by neighboring rights regimes. In its wider sense, and as a lot spoken of in the popular press, plagiarisation may to a fault refer to acts of bootlegging (the devising of an unauthorized recording of a live performance) and of fudgeing (selling flora made to resemble a genuine copy, as by replicating the label, the packaging, or the recording itself).Origin plagiarism in the WestThe word piracy was employ to label the infringement of exclusive rights in creative whole shebang for the first while in 1603, and, as such, predates any(prenominal) statutory law. out front the establishment of the Statute of Anne (which was the first copyright law in the farming of Great Britain) in 1709, the Stationers Company of London was given a munificent Charter in 1557, which gave the company a monopoly on publication, as hearty as the responsibility of enforcing the charter. Those battalion who were found violating the charter were labeled pirates as early as 1603. After the Statute of Anne was established, the term piracy was employ to describe the illicit manufacturing, trade and distribution of copyrighted material.b. Piracy in the PhilippinesPiracy of get hold ofs and medicament in the Philippines has existed since the engine room necessary to replicate tapes and disks became easier, cheaper and more(prenominal) available.In the 1970s, the cassette became a popular music format and, as such, assailable up a whole new market f or portable music. register rec stations also became easily accessible and cheap to the market, which brought along the job of pirated music cassettes.In the 1980s, the Betamax became the first audiovisual playback device that gave the public the opportunity to record a show. This brought a trend in the Philippines. However, during martial Law, access to st clasp material was limited. Thither would usually be a delay of a few months before a movie would be viewable in local theaters. This gave birth to the era of pictorial matter rental shops, and these shops became a psychiatric hospital for the entertainment-hungry Filipino.Betamax players were phased out in other(a) move of the world, to be replaced by video home schemas (VHS) and laser discs. However, they did not become obsolete here in the Philippines. In fact, the loss of Betamax player buyers caused its price to plummet and become really affordable, causing its popularity to increase drastically. (Beginnings of Pir acy, omb.gov.ph) The trend repeated itself with the VHS. At the same time that this was happening, camc raises were also existence made. People ascertained that camcorders were easy to use because they could kick in it inside a cinema and record the movie showing. From the VHS, the material used moved to video compact discs (VCDs) and now we are using digital video discs (DVDs). All of these made possible by the advancing and upgrading of technology.Forms of Piracy optic Disk Piracy optic disk piracy refers to the abominable distribution, manufacturing, trade and/or sale of copies of movies, television programs, software programs, music, and games in digital disc formats which include Blu-Ray, DVD, DVD-R, CD, CD-R and VCD. These disks are sold on websites, online auction sites, via e-mail solicitation and by street vendors and flea markets around the world. The relatively meretricious cost of blank discs and reliable disk-burning machines has led to the increase in offspring of DVD-R and CD-R burner labs.Internet PiracyIn general, Internet piracy refers to the practice session of the Internet to supply unauthorized downloadable copies of music, games, television, movies, and software programs. Internet piracy understructure also refer to the use of the Internet to spread codes or other technologies to bypass anti-copying security features in software products. Auction sites, mates to Peer (P2P) networks, social networking sites, B2B websites and botnets are all common paths by which Internet piracy occurs.Theatrical Print TheftTheatrical instill theft is but as its name suggests-the theft of an actual film print, usually 35 or 16 mm types, from a film depot, theater, courier dish up or other industry related facility, purely for the purpose of making iniquitous duplicates and then selling and/or distributing them. Having the pilot burner film print then al guerrillaarys the pirate to craft a high quality enter from the original, which then se rves as a master copy for future duplication purposes. However, this form of piracy is extremely rare, nearly because it is difficult to withal recover the prints and it is difficult to transfer the print to another format. request TheftSignal theft occurs when someone gains access to a cable TV system without the cable service provider being informed, or when someone receives send signals illegally. Usually pirates leave behind provide satellite signal descramblers or illegal cable decoders for consumers.Counterfeit Consumer GoodsCounterfeit consumer goods, regularly calledknock-offs, are excogitateor imitation products presented for sale. The spread of counterfeit goods has become global lately and the range of produce subject to infringement is greater than before.Effects of Film PiracyFirst of all, I would like to stress that the main focus of this authorship is on film piracy in that locationfore, the following points will deal with the set up of film piracy in particul ar.Economic Effectsa. Business red ink in the Part of the ProducersThose who are most obviously affected by film piracy are the plurality who invested their money and resources into the production of express motion picture. Seeing as how they gain returns on their investments through the gross revenue of their film, allowing pirates to sell copies of the film without having to forward any margin of their profits to the producers of the original film would effectively rob the producers of the money they ought to earn if consumers were to purchase copies of the film from them rather than the pirates.One of the effects of piracy to films, especially local films, is that it shows that the concourse do not really support the films shown. It is a big hassle especially during the manilla Film Festival. Piracy makes it an option for the large number to clutch for a cheaper alternative, and practiced interpret it at home.Another of the effects is this through the introduction of the illegal pirate market, pirates are effectively providing less dear(predicate) alternatives to the original at nearly, if not the same quality. This forces the producers to trim down their selling prices in order to compete with the illegal market. We need only to cheek at the prices of original DVDs over the be few geezerhood in order to show this. In 2005, the prices of legal DVDs were about Php 700. nary(prenominal), the prices have gone as low as Php 250 for two DVDs. Still, these prices are still not as preferable as the prices for an illegal DVD, which post go as low as four DVDs for Php 100.These effects can easily discourage any person from producing his own film for fear that he may not get a good return on his investment. If this continues, there may come a time when independent films will simply throw in to be made.Social EffectsOf course, the consumers are completely aware and securey informed that purchasing pirated DVDs practically amount to theft, but still p eople continue to patronize these illegal merchants. The existence of these pirated goods, these less-expensive alternative goods, is clearly promoting lower moral values and ethics. It is a well-known fact that, if presented a cream between two products that are of the same quality but of polar price, consumers will always choose the product with the lower price. But in most cases, if you mention that the cheaper one will prevent cash from dismission to the producer of the good, then most consumers will suddenly have second thoughts. Unfortunately, this seems to happen only to a handful of consumers when it comes to movie piracy, providing more distinguish to the case that film piracy promotes lower ethical standards and morals.Chapter III maskions and PrecautionsThis chapter will deal with the actions and precautions taken in order to combat film piracy here in the National Capital Region.A. Local Goverment1. Municipal directAs far as my research has uncovered, only two citie s here in the Philippines have enacted a bestow ban on piracy in any area of the city. They are the cities of Manila and Quezon.It is important to handbill that the Quiapo district in Manila was previously listed as among the worlds 21 most notorious markets for pirated and counterfeit items. This caused Manila authorities to implement a heart and soul ban on the sale of pirated DVDs in the district and other parts of the city last July 28, 2011.(Esplanada, 2011) Manila Mayor Alfredo Lim previously gave a 1-month pity period for the DVD vendors in Quiapo to leave the illegal trade. Some vendors said they would obey Lims order, but others complained, claiming that they might not be able to generate their children. Some believe that the organizations campaign against piracy will not last long, allowing the vendors to go back into this illegal trade however, Manila officials strained that they were stern about applying this ban.Quezon City Mayor Herbert Bautista also declared a total ban on the sale and distribution of pirated discs in Quezon City, and has united with the optical Media Board in enforcing Republic Act 9239 and City Ordinance No. SP1608, S2005. These two laws make illegal the distribution, transfer, manufacture, rental, and/or sale of fake, pirated, or counterfeit articles, services or goods. (Chavez, 2011)B. National GovernmentIn the past, the Philippine governing has made it a state policy to protect intellect holding rights. This policy was enshrined in both the 1973 musical composition which offers the exclusive right to inventions, literature and artistic creations shall be secured to inventors, authors, and artists for a limited period and in the 1987 Constitution which clearly mandates that the State shall protect intellectual property.1. Laws, Acts, and sitesa. Executive Order 60 CREATING THE INTER AGENCY COMMITTEE ON INTELLECTUAL keeping RIGHTSIn 1993, President Fidel Ramos issued an executive order that created the Inter-Ag ency Committee on apt position Rights. It was supposed to recommend and enforce policies that protect intellectual property rights. (Executive Order 60. 1993)Executive order 736 INSTITUTIONALIZING PERMANENT UNITS TO PROMOTE, PRTECT AND ENFORCE INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS (IPR) IN DIFFERENT LAW ENFORCEMENT AND other AGENCIES UNDER THE COORDINATION OF THE NATIONAL COMMITTEE ON INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS (NCIPR)On June 21, 2008 the NCIPR was established to coordinate inter-agency efforts against counterfeiting and piracy, and to provide maximum benefits to Filipinos and ensure significant contributions to national development. (Executive Order 736, 2008)Republic Act 10088 Anti-Camcording Act of 2010Its full title is AN ACT TO PROHIBIT AND PENALIZE THE UNAUTHORIZED USE, self-possession AND/OR CONTROL OF ADUIOVISUAL RECORDING DEVICES FOR THE UNAUTHORIZED RECORDING OF CINEMATOGRAPHIC FILMS AND OTHER audiovisual WORKS AND/OR THEIR SOUNDTRACKS IN AN EXHIBITION FACILITY, PROVIDING PENALTIES THEREFOR AND OR OTHER PURPOSES.In layman terms, this act forbids the recording of a cinematographic film or other audio visual work and/or its soundtrack in a theater or similar venue. Penalties range from a fine of Php 50, 000.00 up to Php 750, 000.00, and imprisonment of six months and one day up to six years and one day. (Republic Act 10008, 2010)Republic Act 9239 AN ACT REGULATING visual MEDIA, REORGANIZING FOR THIS PURPOSE THE VIDEOGRAM REGULATORY BOARD, PROVIDING PENALTIES THEREFOR, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSESCommonly known as the Optical Media Act of 2003, this act reorganized the Videogram Regulatory Board, created under Presidential canon No. 1987, into the Optical Media Board (OMB). This act established the OMB in order to evaluate the qualifications of any establishment, individual, or entity to engage in the mastering, manufacture or replication of optical media, conduct inspections and raids, etc.In recent news, the Optical Media Board has been active in terms of confiscating pirated DVDs. It has partnered with the presidency of the City of Manila in keeping the Quiapo district, which was recently named one of the most notorious markets for pirated and counterfeit goods, free of pirates.Republic Act 8293 Intellectual Property Code of the PhilippinesThis acts full title is AN ACT PRESCRIBING THE INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY CODE AND ESTABLISHING THE INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY OFFICE, PROVIDING FOR ITS POWERS AND FUNCTIONS, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES. It established the Intellectual Property Office of the Philippines, which is supposed toa try on applications for grant of letters patent for inventions and register utility models and industrial designsb break down applications for the registration of marks, geographic indication, integrated circuitsc Register technology transfer arrangements and wane disputes involving technology transfer payments covered by the provisions of Part II, Chapter IX on Voluntary Licensing and develop and implement strategi es to promote and facilitate technology transferd Promote the use of patent information as a tool for technology developmente Publish regularly in its own publication the patents, marks, utility models and industrial designs, issued and approved, and the technology transfer arrangements registeredfAdministratively adjudicate contested proceedings affecting intellectual property rights andg Coordinate with other government agencies and the private sector efforts to formulate and implement plans and policies to strengthen the protection of intellectual property rights in the country. (Republic Act 8293, 1997)Chapter IVEffectivenessA. Results of OperationsThe website of the Intellectual Property Rights Philippines has been so kind to provide entropy on how a lot pirated and/or counterfeit goods have been confiscated in the past several years. Unfortunately, the data has proven too voluminous for this paper, so I have condensed it into this graph.Unfortunately, these figures can mean two things. Either these raids and confiscations are indeed improving and these acts, laws, and actions against piracy are allowing us to legally seize more illegal goods, or, the pirate market is simply growing at an exponential rate and we just happen to be able to confiscate more things simply because there is more to seize.So, it has come to my attention that one of the best ways to discover whether the governments methods against piracy are working is to ask those who are sure to be affected (if ever they are) the men and women who man the stalls that sell pirated movies.To my surprise, I discovered that the vendors I had interviewed indeed were experiencing a some(prenominal) harder livelihood compared to a few years back-but not because of laws and actions made by the government. Their main land for the increase in difficulty of sales of their product is none other than competition.The rise of the number of vendors can only prove one thing, and that is that the government and the movie industry, despite their efforts, were unable to effectively trim the piracy problem in the last few years.However, according to the United States Trade typical (USTR), we the Philippines are one step closer from being removed from the make up ones mind list for counterfeit and pirated goods.B. Difficulties in Fighting Film Piracy1. greater DemandAs has been stated before, film piracy has made the recreation of watching movies and shows much cheaper and easier, which makes it no surprise to remark that more people would prefer to purchase a pirated DVD simply because it is much cheaper and much easier to find. It is much more convenient to buy a pirated DVD and watch it at home anytime they want than to go to a mall and send packing more money. One thing that film piracy offers that people also look for is the range of movies available. It is not hard to find an all-time favorite, or an old or new movie.2. Loss of LivelihoodMany people rely on their sales of pirate d discs in order to support their families. That being said, one of the governments problems in fighting piracy is finding alternate livelihoods and jobs for those vendors who are to be affected by the bans. This was one of the issues that Quezon City Mayor Herbert Bautista had to deal with first when he declared a ban on the sale of pirated discs in July 2011, especially because those vendors were willing to not put up a fight, and all they asked for in exchange is for the government to provide jobs for them when the ban would start.3. uncompleted Dedication of EnforcersIt is sad that many of those on law-enforcement duty simply look the other way when it comes to piracy. Whether out of bribery or sheer ignorance, well never know. A fine example of this is the flea market known conversationally as Ruins, located in Sucat, Paraaque city. It is a known promenade for pirated disc vendors, but less than a block away, lies the Sucat PNP station. I find it strange that there is next to nothing being done on the part of the PNP when such a large trove of illegal pirates is school term right under their noses. This shows that not all enforcers are consistent, that others tolerate such crime, and that they may be supporting the idea and action of piracy. It is a braggart(a) view on the enforcers. The sellers would also be at ease in selling these pirated products.4. Tolerance of officials?Piracy has reached such a level of popularity that even those with respectable positions in the government are prone to being clients. shit Ronaldo Llamas for example, he was Presidential Political Affairs Adviser and yet was take over caught red-handed purchasing pirated DVDs in Circle C Mall along Congressional Avenue in Quezon City.